Food Webs
Often the meanings of words are changed subtly for interesting reasons. The implication of the word 'community' has changed from including all the organisms in an area to only those species at a particular trophic level (and often a taxonomically restrict
- PDF / 22,023,707 Bytes
- 230 Pages / 439 x 666 pts Page_size
- 107 Downloads / 230 Views
Population and Community Biology Series Editors M. B. Usher Senior Lecturer, University of York, UK M. L. Rosenzweig Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, USA The study of both populations and communities is central to the science of ecology. This series of books will explore many facets of population biology and the processes that determine the structure and dynamics of communities. Although individual authors and editors have freedom to develop their subjects in their own way, these books will all be scientifically rigorous and often utilize a quantitative approach to analysing population and community phenomena.
FOOD WEBS Stuart L. Pimm Graduate Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology University of Tennessee, USA
LONDON
NEW YORK
CHAPMAN AND HALL
First published 1982 by Chapman and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane. London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Chapman and Hall 733 Third Avenue. New York NY 10011
© 1982 Stuart L. Pimm J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd.• Bristol
This title is available in both hardbound and paperback editions. The paperback edition is sold subject to the condition that it shall not. by way of trade or otherwise. be lent. re-sold. hired out. or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted. or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic. mechanical or other means. now known or hereafter invented. including photocopying and recording. or in any information storage and retrieval system. without permission in writing from the Publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pimm, Stuart Food webs.-{Population and community biology) 1. Food chains (Ecology)-Mathematical models I. Title II. Series 574.5'3 QH541.15.M3 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5927-9 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5925-5
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5925-5
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Pimm, Stuart L. (Stuart Leonard) Food webs. (Population and community biology) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Food chains (Ecology) 2. Biotic communities. I. Title. II. Series. 591.5'3 82-1306 QH541.P56 1982 AACRZ
Contents Preface Acknowledgements Conventions and definitions
1 Food webs 1.1 What and why? 1.2 Where? 1.3 How?
VII IX X
1 1 1 5
2 Models and their local stability 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Models 2.3 Stability 2.4 Summary Appendix 2A: Taylor's expansion Appendix 2B: An example of calculating eigenvalues Appendix 2C: Jacobian matrices
12
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Stability: other definitions Introduction Global stability Species deletion stability Stability in stochastic environments Other stability criteria Summary: models and their stabilities - Is there a best buy?
42 42 42 47 49 54 56
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
Food web complexity I: theoretical results Introduction Bounds on food web complexity: local stability Complexity a
