Fraud and Corruption: A European Perspective
Having had many years of practical police work experience as well as experience in the theory of crime and its causation while teaching at different institutions about deviant behavior of all kinds, especially with violent crime, theft, corruption, organi
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Introduction Traditional police leaders have considered major crimes, such as homicide, robbery, rape, and major thief, as the greatest threat to society, and thus being predominately confronted with major crimes resulted in an emphasis on preventing these types of crime in the training of police officers. Police have been trained to react to these major crimes such as serious violent crimes and property crimes in a similar way. People experience the highest level of insecurity when they or a close relative becomes a victim of violent crime, such as murder, armed robbery, and rape. They also feel violated when victimized by extortion, burglary, and theft. Police organizations have traditionally been structured to respond to these crimes by placing the most serious crimes in high-priority categories and allocating the most resources to the investigation and capture of those criminals who were committing the serious crimes. Police organization strategies used to combat serious criminal activity follow a problem-oriented response, firstly, addressing the number one issue of violent crimes, such as murder, extortion, and robbery and, secondly, the crimes that are considered of lesser importance to the welfare of society such as burglary and theft. The Major Crime Bureau in Vienna was structured following the model of Sureté, the model used by the French police. The departments were structured into units for fighting, murder, robbery, burglary, theft, drug trafficking, white-collar crime, counterfeiting, crimes against environment, and prostitution. Although this structure was abolished in Austria by the police reform in 2002/2004, generally, the revamped structure of the Austrian police did not establish a different department structure of those police units that were designated as the crime fighters.
M. Edelbacher (*) Academic Council of the United Nations, System Liaison Office Vienna, Vienna, Austria © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 P. C. Kratcoski, M. Edelbacher (eds.), Fraud and Corruption, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92333-8_2
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M. Edelbacher
If one compares the international organizational structures of crime-fighting institutions, it can be recognized that the fields of crimes, which create the major problems of crime, are addressed by the organizations dealing with these problems in a similar manner. Worldwide police structures are concentrating on fighting terrorism, organized crime, and corruption. If one compares governmental or police institutions in Asia, Africa, America, or Europe, such international organizations as Interpol, Europol, Eurojust, and Frontex follow similar models to address today’s problem of policing. New challenges of cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and Internet crime require new methods, equipment, and police training to be successful in detecting these criminals. Today the sharpest sword against all kinds of crime is analytic units which deliver strategic and operative tools to analyze dangers and dimensions of threat to the society.
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