From Peasant to Petersburger
Economakis analyses the processes of proletarianization and urbanization undergone by St. Petersburg's industrial working class from its inception in the early nineteenth century up until 1914. Attention is given to the severing of workers' ties to the vi
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From Peasant to Petersburger Evel G. Economakis
Palgrave macmillan
© Evel G. Economakis 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998978-0-333-73293-9
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 97B-1-349-40722-4
ISBN 978-0-230-37354-9 (eBook)
DOl 10.1057/9780230373549
Outside North America ISBN 978-1-349-40722-4
Inside North America ISBN 978-0-312-21497-5
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-13558
To all those who left for St Petersburg and never returned, and to all those who arrived in St Petersburg and never left
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Contents List of Tables
viii
x
Acknowledgements Preface
xi
Introduction
1
1 A Forgotten Source: The Census of 1864
2 The Sending Areas: Basic Features of Early Labour Migration to St Petersburg
16 27
3 Peasant Well-being in the Sending Areas
51
4 Severing of Ties to the Land
83
5 Urbanization in St Petersburg
102
Conclusion
135
Notes
146
Bibliography
188
Index
210
vii
List of Tables 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
1.5 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1
Distribution of St Petersburg's inhabitants, by estate, 1869-1910 Distribution of St Petersburg inhabitants who belonged to the peasant estate, by province of passport registration The peasant estate of St Petersburg, 1869 and 1910, by province of origin (per cent) Male factory workers by province of birth, 1864 Proportions of total male peasant-estate inhabitants and proportions of total male factory workers, by place of birth, 1864 Occupational distribution by province of registration, 1864 (per cent) Distribution of occupational categories of total inhabitants, by district o
