Functional Correlation
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Functional Correlation Christopher A. Brown Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
Synonyms Roughness relations
Definition Functional correlation in surface metrology refers to the relations between the surface and phenomena that influence or are influenced by the topography. Establishing functional correlations is one of the principal objectives of research in surface metrology.
Theory and Application There are two kinds of functional correlations. These are called correlations of the first kind when they are between phenomena that created or modified the surface and the topography. They are called correlations of the second kind when they are between the topography and behavior, or performance, of the surface (Fig. 1).
Currently there are probably many more phenomena that are topographically related than there are functional correlations reported in the literature. This would appear to be especially true of functional correlations of the second kind. ▶ Surface topography is also called texture, particularly in mechanical and manufacturing engineering (ASME B46.1 2009), and is commonly referred to as roughness. Functional correlations of the first kind describe how surface topographies are modified by interactions with their environment. Knowledge of functional correlations of the first kind is useful when designing manufacturing processes (Brown 2000). Functional correlations of the first kind are also used to understand the use-wear that created surfaces on artifacts for archeologists (Stemp et al. 2009) and what foods created dental microwear for physical anthropologists (Scott et al. 2005) and to identify weapons in forensics (Gambino et al. 2011). They are also useful in monitoring and controlling degradation in cultural heritage preservation. Functional correlations of the second kind describe how interactions with surfaces are influenced by the topography. Knowledge of functional correlations of the second kind is useful for the design of products. Both kinds of functional correlations are useful for the advancement of surface science and for understanding geological and biological surfaces. The latter can assist in the development of
# CIRP 2016 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16692-3
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biomimicry for applications in manufacturing and manufactured products. A rational approach to the design of surface topographies for products and the processes to create them could be based on functional correlations of the second and first kinds, respectively. To the extent to which functional correlations are used in product and process design would appear to be hidden in trade secrets. There is little in the literature on rigorous experimental verification, especially on functional correlations of the second kind. Establishing functional correlations of the second kind usually requires more laborious experimental efforts than establishing functional correlations o
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