Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students
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(2019) 14:51
RESEARCH
Open Access
Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students Kengo Yokomitsu1*, Takanobu Sakai2, Tomonari Irie3, Jun Tayama4, Hirokazu Furukawa5, Mika Himachi6, Junichiro Kanazawa7, Munenaga Koda8, Yoshihiko Kunisato9, Hirofumi Matsuoka7, Takuhiro Takada6, Fumito Takahashi10, Takahito Takahashi11 and Kaori Osawa12
Abstract Background: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between symptoms of gambling problems, gambling behaviours, and cognitive distortions among a university student population in Japan ages 20 to 29 years. We aimed to address the gap in knowledge of gambling disorders and treatment for this population. Methods: Data were obtained from 1471 Japanese undergraduate students from 19 universities in Japan. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multivariate regression analysis were used to investigate whether the factors of gambling cognitive distortions would have predictive effects on gambling disorder symptoms. Results: Results indicated that 5.1% of the participants are classifiable as probable disordered gamblers. The bias of the gambling type to pachinko and pachislot was unique to gamblers in Japan. Of the students sampled, 342 selfreported gambling symptoms via the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis indicated that one domain of gambling cognitive distortions was associated significantly with gambling symptoms among the 342 symptomatic participants: gambling expectancy (β = 0.19, p < .05). The multivariate model explained 47% of the variance in the gambling symptoms. Conclusion: This study successfully contributed to the sparse research on university student gambling in Japan. Specifically, our results indicated a statistically significant relationship between gambling cognitive distortions and gambling disorder symptoms. These results can inform the development of preventive education and treatment for university students with gambling disorder in Japan. The report also describes needs for future research of university students with gambling disorder. Keywords: Gambling, University students, Japan, Cognitive distortion
Background The life-time prevalence of gambling disorder (previously designated as pathological gambling) in people who speak English and other European languages has been reported as 0.8–1.2% [24]. By contrast, the prevalence rate (6.13%) of gambling disorder among college and university students, according to meta-analysis of previous research, has been reported as higher than that of adults [20]. Earlier studies established age as a risk factor of gambling disorder [11]. Actually, Johansson et al. [11] suggested that * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Ritsumeikan University, 2-150 Iwakura-cho, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8570, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
younger than 29 years old appeared to be a significant risk factor for gambling disorders. Although college and university students might find some benef
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