Going beyond (electronic) patient-reported outcomes: harnessing the benefits of smart technology and ecological momentar
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COMMENTARY
Going beyond (electronic) patient-reported outcomes: harnessing the benefits of smart technology and ecological momentary assessment in cancer survivorship research Melissa S. Y. Thong 1,2 & Raymond J. Chan 3,4,5 Dagmara Poprawski 9 & Paz Fernández-Ortega 10 working group
Corina van den Hurk 6 & Kristen Fessele 7 & Winston Tan 8 & 11,12,13 14 & Catherine Paterson & Margaret I. Fitch & MASCC EMA
&
Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Keywords Ecological momentary assessment . Cancer survivors . Repeated measures . Patient-reported outcomes . Real-time data
Introduction Rapid developments in digital mobile and sensor technology have facilitated the active and passive collection of detailed, personalized data in increasingly affordable ways [1]. Researchers may be familiar with the daily diary, portable computers, or the pedometer for the collection of patientreported outcomes (PRO) [2] in cancer survivorship research [3]. Such methods, termed ecological momentary assessment (EMA), have evolved with technological advances, e.g., collecting data or providing interventions (ecological momentary intervention, EMI) via apps or devices such as smartphones [4]. These smart technology–adapted sEMA/ sEMI methods are more widely used in affective disorders * Melissa S. Y. Thong [email protected] 1
Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), P.O. Box 101949, 69009 Heidelberg, Germany
2
Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
3
School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
4
Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
5
Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Services, Queensland, Australia
6
Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Netherlands
or addictive behavior research [5, 6] but are currently still under-utilized in cancer survivorship research. A recent scoping review on the use of active EMA among cancer survivors identified twelve articles published between 1993 and 2018 [7]. Most of the included studies in that review used portable computers. This commentary will discuss the utility of sEMA/ sEMI in cancer survivorship research and call for action to advance this area of science.
What is EMA? EMA refers to an intensive method of collecting reports on respondents’ current state [8]. It has also been termed as 7
Office of Nursing Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
8
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
9
Cancer Service, Limestone Coast Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
10
Institut Català d’Oncologia – ICO, Nursing Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
11
School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberr
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