Gold Nanorods with Organosilica Shells as a Platform for Creating Multifunctional Nanostructures
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Nanorods with Organosilica Shells as a Platform for Creating Multifunctional Nanostructures N. A. Salavatova, O. V. Dement’evaa, *, and V. M. Rudoya aFrumkin
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 23, 2020; revised July 1, 2020; accepted July 6, 2020
Abstract—The perspectives of using γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as a precursor for creating multifunctional composite nanoparticles (CNPs) with a rodlike gold core and an organosilica shell have been analyzed. It is shown that the presence of thiol groups, which are capable of specific interactions with metal ions and atoms, in the shell makes it possible to “directly” (i.e., without any additional modification) load rather large amounts of an anticancer drug, cisplatin, into it. In addition, preliminary data have been obtained that indicate the possibility of nitrosation of the SH-groups of the shells, which is very important from the viewpoint of creating container CNPs for NO, with such containers providing not only its delivery to tumors, but also its controlled release under the action of laser radiation. DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X20060125
INTRODUCTION Composite nanoparticles (CNPs) with a metal (Au or Ag) core and a dielectric shell are of considerable interest for solving various applied problems, including theranostics of tumors and creation of highbrightness radiation (including coherent one) sources or metamaterials [1–3]. This interest is due to the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) inherent in metal nanoparticles. This phenomenon provides such nanoparticles with the ability for multiple enhancement of an electromagnetic field near their surface, as well as for resonant scattering and absorption of radiation with a strictly specified wavelength [4]. In particular, this phenomenon leads to a change in the emissive properties of molecules located in the immediate vicinity of particles [1, 2, 5] and makes it possible to transform absorbed radiation into heat [2, 6]. The creation of a dielectric (usually silica) shell on the surface of plasmonic core-forming particles and the subsequent loading of various functional compounds (fluorophores, drugs, etc.) into this shell opens up a number of additional possibilities. For example, loading of drugs into a CNP shell makes it possible to provide their controlled release under the action of laser radiation [2]. The greatest attention of researchers is focused on CNPs based on gold nanorods (GNRs), because the LSPR of such structures can be tuned in a wide range of wavelengths (visible and near-infrared spectral regions) by varying the particle length-to-diameter ratio [7]. This is of importance for a variety of applica-
tions. In particular, GNRs, the LSPR of which is in the range corresponding to the first or second transparency window of biological tissues, are much more efficient for the use in optical methods of the diagnostics and therapy of tumors [2]. In the overwhelming majority of
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