Griseococcin (1) from Bovistella radicata (Mont.) Pat and antifungal activity
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Griseococcin (1) from Bovistella radicata (Mont.) Pat and antifungal activity Yong Ye1,2, Qinghua Zeng1,2 and Qingmei Zeng1,2*
Abstract Background: To evaluate the antimicrobial and microbicidel activity of B. radicata fermentation broth, the broth was purified by DEAE-cellulose and sephadex LC-20 column. The compounds were submitted to spectral analyses (HPLC, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR etc.). Results: The purified compounds were identified as the Griseococcin(s) which were naphthoquinone derivatives, the Chemical formula and MW of Griseococcin (1) was determined as C37O10H43N and 661 Da. only Griseococcin (1) has good antimicrobial activity among the Griseococcin(s). The zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Griseococcin (1) were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. Antifungal activity of Griseococcin (1) was significant, especially for main pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, MFC/MIC of Griseococcin (1) was 1, while MFC/MIC of postive control was greater than 4, the fungicidal effect of Griseococcin (1) was better than that of positive control. Conclusions: In this paper, the secondary metabolite compound Griseococcin (1) from B. radicata was purified. The purified compound can restrain main pathogens (T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes) leading to tinea pedis. The antifungal activity of Griseococcin (1) was similar to that of the positive control and the fungicidal effect of Griseococcin (1) was better than that of positive control, it might be suitable for pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Griseococcin, LH-20, DEAE, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HPLC, FT-IR
Background Tinea pedis is a chronic fungal infection of the feet [1]. Patients that have tinea pedis may be affected by several pathogens, including filamentous fungi named Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes [2], as well as a yeast named Candida albicans [3]. T. rubrum is the main pathogenic fungi for tinea pedis, having a prevalence as high as 80% among all tinea-pedis associated pathogenic microbes [4]. Traditionally, to treat tinea pedis, synthetic fungicides such as fluconazole, itraconazole, echinocandins [5], and miconazole nitrate, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
either by oral medication or external use [6], have been used to treat this disease. Vermes et al. (2000) found that flucytosine and AMB (amphotericin B) were moderately effective in fighting against invasive fungal infections [7–9]. Similar studies on itraconazole have demonstrated that it is effective against fungal infections [10]. However, due to side effects or the continuous drug resistance, some oral medications are unsafe for patients [11], and these chemi
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