Gross anatomical investigation of the muscular head between the vastus lateralis and intermedius in the Japanese populat
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gross anatomical investigation of the muscular head between the vastus lateralis and intermedius in the Japanese population: a cadaver study Keiko Ogami‑Takamura1,2,4 · Kazunobu Saiki1 · Daisuke Endo1 · Kiyohito Murai1 · Keita Nishi3 · Keishi Okamoto1 · Hiroaki Murata4 · Tetsuya Hara4 · Toshiyuki Tsurumoto1,2 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Japanese Association of Anatomists 2020
Abstract Unlike the general understanding of the quadriceps femoris, the existence of a new muscular head between the vastus lateralis and the vastus intermedius was reported, and named the tensor of the vastus intermedius in the Swedish population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and form of the muscular head in the Japanese population and to clarify its structure by gross anatomical approaches. A total of 35 thighs of 20 Japanese cadavers were investigated. We searched for the muscular head and classified it into four types. In addition, nerve fiber analysis was performed for each classification type. Regarding classification, 11% were the independent type, 29% were the common type, 37% were the vastus lateralis type, and 23% were the vastus intermedius type. Based on nerve fiber analysis, in the common type, the muscular head was under dual nerve supply from the vastus lateralis and intermedius. The other three types were innervated only by nerves from the vastus lateralis. The target muscular head may always be present in Japanese. The nerves from the vastus lateralis were always distributed in the target muscular head based on nerve fiber analysis; therefore, this muscular head may be most closely related to the vastus lateralis. The name of this muscular head should be “the accessory head of the vastus lateralis” rather than “the tensor of the vastus intermedius.” Keywords Nerve fiber analysis · Quadriceps femoris · Tensor of vastus intermedius · Vastus intermedius · Vastus lateralis
Introduction
* Keiko Ogami‑Takamura keiko.ogami@nagasaki‑u.ac.jp 1
Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‑12‑4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852‑8523, Japan
2
Center of Cadaver Surgical Training, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1‑12‑4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852‑8523, Japan
3
Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‑7‑1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852‑8588, Japan
4
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‑7‑1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852‑8501, Japan
The quadriceps femoris (QF) is the largest muscle in the lower extremities and resides in the anterior thigh compartment. The main action of this muscle is extension of the knee joint. As the name suggests, the QF is composed of four muscular heads: the rectus femoris (RF) and three vasti-, the vastus lateralis (VL), the vastus intermedius (VI), and the vastus medialis (VM). Although the gener
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