Grouting rock fractures under condition of flowing water
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Grouting rock fractures under condition of flowing water Yan‑xu Guo1 · Qing‑song Zhang1 · Fei Xiao2 · Ren‑tai Liu1 · Zhen‑jun Wang1 · Yan‑kai Liu1 Accepted: 18 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Grouting is generally applied as an effective way to seal rock fractures, reduce permeability, decrease deformation, increase strength of rocks, and to stop the water flow through the jointed rock mass. But grouting rock fractures under condition of flowing water depends greatly on experiences of professional engineers, without sufficient theoretical guidance to refer to, as no commonly accepted and reasonable theoretical models are available. To describe the grouting process of fractures in flowing water, and put forward reasonable grouting guidance suggestions. The present work established a theoretical model for grouting into a fracture with flowing water. Considering boundary conditions, a streamline equation of grouting diffusion trajectory with flowing water was derived, and analyzed the influence of boundary effect on grouting diffusion law. The simulation tests of grouting rock fracture with flowing water were carried out on the self-developed fracture grouting experimental platform, and the results were compared with the theoretical prediction results, which verified the rationality of the theoretical model. The results show that there are three types of diffusion of quick-setting slurry under condition of flowing water. The existence of boundaries can increase the penetration along the direction of the flowing water both downstream and upstream, but it weakens the penetrability in the vertical flow direction. Rock fractures with a high water velocity require a high grouting flow rate, however, it is not the higher the better for determining the relevant grouting flow rate, a decrescent ratio between these two parameters should be ensured as a precondition. Keywords Grouting · Flowing water · Theoretical model · Rock fractures · Theoretical prediction
Introduction
* Ren‑tai Liu [email protected] Yan‑xu Guo [email protected] Qing‑song Zhang [email protected] Fei Xiao [email protected] Zhen‑jun Wang [email protected] Yan‑kai Liu [email protected] 1
Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University, Qianfo Mountain Campus, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
2
Water may appear and flow into rock tunnel continuously under pressure (flowing water), when fractures connecting with water aquifers or underground waters are encountered during rock excavation (Mohajerani et al. 2015; Mohammed et al. 2015; Sui et al. 2015a; Li et al. 2016; Liang et al. 2019). Seepage of water is unacceptable for rock tunnels with high standard of watertight requirements, such as subway. Flowing water is a challenging problem faced by field engineers and researchers for a long time, since it can increase the difficult
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