Growth of Uniform Nickel Wire Arrays
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S6.14.1
Growth of Uniform Nickel Wire Arrays
KUN Yang and W. J. Yeh Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, U.S.A. ABSTRACT
Nickel nanowire arrays with high aspect ratio and large packing densities have been grown in thin nanochannel glass templates by an electrochemical deposition method. The templates were polished and etched for enough time to obtain parallel, uniform, hollow channels. One of surfaces of templates was then deposited with copper to provide an electrode. The pH value of NiSO4 aqueous solution was 1 to 2 and the deposition potential was chosen to be –1.2 V versus the saturated Calomel electrode. Obtained nickel wires were circular, each approximately 80 – 160 nm in diameter and 150 µm long, depending on the diameter of nanochannel. Finally, scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the nanostructures. Magnetic properties of the nickel wire arrays have been also investigated by using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID). INTRODUCTION
The fabrication and investigation of magnetic properties of nanostructured magnetic materials present interest from both fundamental and technological point of view. Characterization and explanation of the magnetic properties of magnetic nanowire arrays are extremely important due to their potential wide range of applications. One impetus for propelling this new technology is the demand for higher bit densities in magnetic storage and in memories. Moreover, arrays of high aspect ratio, conducting nanowire have been of interest in neurobiology and electrochemical analysis. These arrays are designed to penetrate brain tissue to permit highly localized electrical stimulation and/or recording of signals from neural tissue [1]. Many research groups have reported the anisotropic behavior of the ferromagnetic metal (Co, Fe and Ni) nanowire arrays deposited using different methods, such as lithography [2], laser-focused atomic deposition [3] and electrostatic trapping [4]. Among the various methods for the preparation of nanowire arrays, electrochemical deposition is one of the most widely used methods to fill conducting materials into nanopores to form continuous nanowire arrays with large aspect ratios. One of the great advantages of the electrochemical deposition method is the ability to create highly conductive nanowires. This is because electrodeposition relies on ion transfer, which is the fastest along the highest conductive path. Structural analysis showed that the electrodeposited nanowires tend to be dense, continuous and highly crystalline in contrast to other deposition methods, such as CVD. Many research groups have succeeded in electrochemical deposition of ferromagnetic nanowires in the pores of anodic aluminum [5, 6]. In this paper, we will describe the fabrication, nanostructures and magnetic properties of uniform magnetic nanowire arrays in nanochannel glass templates using electrochemical deposition.
S6.14.2
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
The fabrication of nanowire arrays broadly includes the
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