Growth Promotion Features of the Maize Microbiome: From an Agriculture Perspective
Microorganisms associated to maize can present a diversity in its composition according to maize genotype and soil properties, such as pH, texture, water availability, nutritional status, weather conditions, and agricultural practices.These microorganisms
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Ubiana de Cássia Silva, Christiane Abreu de Oliveira, Ubiraci Gomes de Paula Lana, Eliane Aparecida Gomes, and Vera Lúcia dos Santos
Abstract
Microorganisms associated to maize can present a diversity in its composition according to maize genotype and soil properties, such as pH, texture, water availability, nutritional status, weather conditions, and agricultural practices. These microorganisms can stimulate plant growth by nutrients acquisition in poor soils through nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilizing, phytate mineralization besides of the phytohormone production that help in the survival stress and can stimulate growth of plant parts several. Some molecules produced by microrganisms inhibits the action of phytopathogenic agents or can induce the plant resistance. Thus, the maize microbiome investigation can contribute for prospecting of microorganisms with potential for use as plant inoculant focused on the development of cheaper, environmentally-sound and sustainable agricultural techniques.
U. de Cássia Silva (*) • V.L. dos Santos Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Block F4, 259. 6627 Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] C.A. de Oliveira • U.G. de Paula Lana • E.A. Gomes Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Block F4, 259. 6627 Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil National Research Center Mayze and Sorghum, Brazilian Agricultural Research Company, 424. Sete lagoas MG, Belo Horizonte 35701-2 970, MG, Brazil © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2016 D.K. Choudhary et al. (eds.), Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2854-0_16
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16.1 Introduction Cereals have been the principal component of animal and human diet for thousands of years and have played a major role in the establishment of human civilization. Moreover, they can be used for numerous applications in general for fuels such as ethanol production industrially. From cereals, the maize (Zea mays L.) is the most produced worldwide, and it has an average of 800 million tons produced annually of which the United States is the largest producer, followed by China and Brazil. Maize has a large genetic variability, which allows its cultivation in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates. However, production systems are highly dependent on chemical inputs, especially nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, pesticides to control pests, diseases, and weeds, which raise production cost. In addition, intensive use of agricultural inputs can cause environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a large demand for technological innovations that reduce the production costs, the inputs, and energy consumption of nonrenewable sources. Microorganisms are attractive and viable alternatives for the reduction of fertiliz
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