Heat tolerance in vegetables in the current genomic era: an overview
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REVIEW PAPER
Heat tolerance in vegetables in the current genomic era: an overview Saba Aleem1 · Iram Sharif2 · Etlas Amin1 · Mehvish Tahir1 · Nusrat Parveen1 · Rasheda Aslam1 · Muhammad Najeebullah1 · Muhammad Tasdiq Hussain Shahid1 Received: 13 September 2019 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Global temperature rise is emerging as an alarming threat to agriculture and especially for vegetables, as they are more sensitive to high temperature because of their succulent nature. Vegetables include different edible plant parts such as leaves, stems, stalks, roots, tubers, bulbs, flowers, fruits, and seeds. An increase in temperature impairs the growth and development of vegetable plants and eventually reduces their yield. Heat tolerance is a complex quantitative trait that involves a series of physiological, biochemical, and molecular pathways. This complexity is further exacerbated by the presence of a large magnitude of genotype × environment and epistatic interactions, so breeders have to face challenges during development and selection of heat tolerant genotypes. Understanding the response of plants and resistance mechanisms involved in heat tolerance would help the breeders in formulating strategies to improve vegetable productivity under heat stress. In this review, firstly the impact of heat stress on the morphological, physiological, and molecular processes of different vegetables have been described, then discussed adaptation mechanisms employed by plants to combat heat stress. Finally, conventional and potential genomic strategies i.e. marker-assisted breeding, quantitative trait loci mapping, genome wide association, genomic selection, genetic engineering, and genome editing that are being used by the breeders to create heat resistance are presented. For vegetables, genome editing, and transgenic approaches need to be combined with conventional and markerassisted breeding activities to develop heat tolerant varieties as these efforts will lead to tangible practical outcomes that will improve the vegetable productivity. Keywords Heat tolerance · Vegetables · Genomic selection · CRISPR/Case9 · Transgenic
Introduction The global air temperature has been increasing gradually since the last century due to anthropogenic activities of humans. An increase of 1 to 2 °C in global average temperature has been reported over the period of 1880 to 2012. This increase in temperature has imposed an adverse effect on the growth and development of different crops along with significant losses in yield. Further, an increase of 3–5 °C is expected by the end of the twenty first century which is also creating an alarming situation for future crop productivity (IPCC 2007, 2012). At a specific growth stage, each crop * Saba Aleem [email protected] 1
Vegetable Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Cotton Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
tolerates a specific temperature known as threshold temperatur
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