High-Speed Acoustic Impact-Echo Sounding of Concrete Bridge Decks
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High‑Speed Acoustic Impact‑Echo Sounding of Concrete Bridge Decks Lorin J. Hendricks1 · Jared S. Baxter1 · Yao Chou1 · Mavrik Thomas1 · Enoch Boekweg1 · W. Spencer Guthrie2 · Brian A. Mazzeo1 Received: 6 September 2019 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Evaluation of deteriorating highway bridges requires new, rapid inspection methods to effectively guide repair in an era of limited fiscal resources. Of all the components of a bridge, the bridge deck typically deteriorates most quickly and must therefore be regularly inspected for non-visible internal cracking, called delamination, for which early detection and repair can enhance safety and performance as well as reduce long-term maintenance costs. This research demonstrates the development and deployment of a multi-channel acoustic impact-echo sounding apparatus equipped with specially-configured tire chains for acoustic excitation of the concrete, microphones, an array of sensors for establishing spatial position estimates, and a data processing architecture for accurately detecting and mapping delaminations in concrete bridge decks at high speeds. The new apparatus achieved very accurate results at speeds between 25 and 45 km/h across a bridge deck. These results demonstrate an orders-of-magnitude increase in data collection speed over all other acoustic impact-echo sounding techniques described in the literature. Keywords Acoustic · Concrete bridge deck · Delamination · Impact-echo · Sounding
1 Introduction Repair of aging transportation infrastructure is a pressing and expensive global challenge [1]. While funding solutions generally depends on public policy and legislation, scientifically-validated assessment tools are needed to prioritize and program infrastructure projects. Within transportation networks, bridges are critical elements for which new assessment tools are needed. Of all the components of a bridge, the bridge deck deteriorates fastest due to repeated mechanical loading and exposure to corrosive elements. Because current bridge deck evaluations beyond visual inspection typically require disruptive stationary traffic control [2], basic visual inspection is the only type of bridge deck evaluation that is Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00695-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Brian A. Mazzeo [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
2
performed routinely in practice, resulting in a lack of accurate information especially about defects that are not visually detectable [3, 4]. Among such defects, internal cracking, known as delamination, is a common but serious problem in concrete bridge decks. In coastal regions and also in cold regions where regular exposure to chloride-based salt
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