How Does Hemicelluloses Removal Alter Plant Cell Wall Nanoscale Architecture and Correlate with Enzymatic Digestibility?
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How Does Hemicelluloses Removal Alter Plant Cell Wall Nanoscale Architecture and Correlate with Enzymatic Digestibility? Dayong Ding 1 & Xia Zhou 1 & Zhe Ji 1 & Tingting You 1 & Feng Xu 1
Published online: 10 December 2015 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Thorough understanding of how hemicelluloses removal influences cell wall nanoscale architecture and cellulose digestion is of crucial importance for enabling low-cost industrial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to renewable biofuels. In this work, delignified poplar cell walls, after various degrees of hemicelluloses removal, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to evaluate enhancement in cell wall digestibility. There was a gradual decrease in hemicelluloses content with dilute alkali treatment, which resulted in alterations in the nanoscale architecture and crystallinity of cell walls. Removal of hemicelluloses did not disrupt the integrity of microfibrils but resulted in exposure of microfibrils and a decrease in the diameter of microfibrils. X-ray analysis indicated that the increase in crystallinity beyond natural variations in the crystallinity of cellulose was mainly attributable to removal of hemicelluloses. In conclusion, alterations in the architecture and crystallinity of cell walls facilitated enzymatic digestion of delignified poplar, enhancing cellulose conversion from 68.24 to 75.16 %. Keywords Delignified poplar . Hemicelluloses removal . Nanoscale architecture . Enzymatic hydrolysis
Abbreviations FT-IR microspectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy
* Feng Xu [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
AFM XRD CrI CCML CML F-S CEF
Atomic force microscopy X-ray diffraction Crystallinity index Cell corner middle lamella Compound middle lamella Fiber secondary wall Cellulose elementary fibril
Introduction Production of biofuels from abundant, sustainable lignocellulosic biomass substrates is gaining momentum as the supply of fossil fuels is rapidly decreasing. Cellulose is the main composition of woody biomass and serves as a key raw material in biological refining industry [1]. In recent years, environmental concerns have generated renewed interest in the use of plant cell walls to obtain fermentable sugars that can be further processed into bioethanol [2–4]. Despite the richness of woody biomass in cellulose, the primary source of fermentable sugars, the inherent recalcitrance due to the compositional and structural complexity of plant cell walls, limits the conversion of cellulose to glucose by enzymes [5]. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major components: cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Cellulose in cell walls is embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. The complex interactions between carbohydrate polymers and lignin and nanoscale cell wall architecture restrict the entry of enzymes into cell walls and enzymatic attack on ce
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