Human Rights in Asia A Reassessment of the Asian Values Debate
This book offers a critical reassessment of the 'Asian values' debate, which dominated the human rights discourse in the late 1990s, and a reappraisal of the human rights situation in Asia since then. The chapters in this book contextualize the debate and
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Human Rights in Asia A Reassessment of the Asian Values Debate Edited by
Leena Avonius and Damien Kingsbury
HUMAN RIGHTS IN ASIA
Copyright © Leena Avonius and Damien Kingsbury, 2008. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-60639-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the US—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37366-6 ISBN 978-0-230-61549-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230615496 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Human rights in Asia : a reassessment of the Asian values debate / edited by Damien Kingsbury and Leena Avonius. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Human rights—Asia—Congresses. 2. Social values—Asia— Congresses. I. Kingsbury, Damien. II. Avonius, Leena, 1966– JC599.A78H8335 2008 323.095—dc22
2008012341
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: October 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface
vii
Note on Contributors
ix
Introduction Damien Kingsbury and Leena Avonius
1
1
Universalism and Exceptionalism in “Asia” Damien Kingsbury
19
2
Asia Values? Why Not, But How? Jau-hwa Chen
41
3
Human Rights from the Left: The Early Chinese Democracy Movement Lauri Paltemaa
4
Chinese Values and Human Rights Ann Kent
5
From Marsinah to Munir: Grounding Human Rights in Indonesia Leena Avonius
63 83
99
6
From “Asian Values” to Singapore Exceptionalism Laurence Wai-Teng Leong
7
Human Rights in Thailand: Rhetoric or Substance on “Asian Values” Naruemon Thabchumpon
141
“Asian Values,” Gender, and Culture-Specific Development Päivi Koskinen
159
8
121
vi
CONT ENT S
9 The Nation-State and Its Violence: Debates in Post–Cold War Japan Mikako Iwatake
183
10 Walking the Line between the “War on Terror” and the Defense of Human Rights Reetta Toivanen
203
Bibliography
225
Index
249
Preface
T
his book is based on papers presented at a seminar “Asian Values versus Human Rights Revisited” that was organized at the Renvall Institute, University of Helsinki in May 2007. The idea to organize a seminar on “Asian values”—a decidedly unfashionable theme— emerged through discussions with several colleagues who shared a hunch: even though Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s marked the death of “Asian values,” the core issues persisted, however subtly, in public debates in and on Asia. Human rights were still considered “Western”; noninterference in domestic
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