Identification of Social Presence for e-Learning: An Initial Multiphase Activities for Requirements Engineering
Social presence is an element for social interaction which a person perceived as ‘real’ in mediated communication. During interaction, the learners need to feel comfortable in order to interact among themselves for promoting active knowledge sharing. A su
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Identification of Social Presence for e-Learning: An Initial Multiphase Activities for Requirements Engineering Noorihan Abdul Rahman and Shamsul Sahibuddin
Abstract Social presence is an element for social interaction which a person perceived as ‘real’ in mediated communication. During interaction, the learners need to feel comfortable in order to interact among themselves for promoting active knowledge sharing. A sub-field of Software Engineering known as Requirements Engineering (RE) plays an important stage for e-Learning developers to elicit and to implement e-Learning for supporting active social interaction among learners. This paper reveals on how the knowledge of RE can be used in order to identify what is needed for providing e-Learning which is able to support social presence. The author uses multiphase mixed method design in order to initiate the identification of social presence requirements in RE activities. This paper also elaborates Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of social presence factors in e-Learning. As the conclusion, the paper concludes the importance of social presence factors as the social presence requirements for developing e-Learning for active social interaction. Keywords e-Learning Social interaction
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Learners Requirements engineering Social presence
Introduction
Requirements Engineering (RE) is an activity that exists within the realm of Software Engineering (SE). RE is an iterative process which impacts the software quality, and it is essential to meet the demands of the various stakeholders with N. Abdul Rahman (&) Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Kelantan, Bukit Ilmu, 18500 Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] S. Sahibuddin Advanced Informatics School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra (Jalan Semarak), 54100 Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 J.E. Luaran et al. (eds.), Envisioning the Future of Online Learning, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0954-9_20
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various skills and backgrounds (Pandey et al. 2010). According to Sutcliffe (2002), RE is closely related to SE; however, SE focuses on ‘designing the thing right’ whereas RE concentrates on ‘designing the right thing’ (Sutcliffe 2002). Requirements elicitation is a very important phase in RE. Having a malfunction process in requirements elicitation may invite project failure in the development of the software (Kausar et al. 2010). In implementing collaborative application such as e-Learning, it is crucial to design the application that can support active participation among users for knowledge sharing. To elicit or gather requirements, this research focuses on social presence support in e-Learning application. In order to support social presence features, the requirements of social presence in the collaborative application can be elicited by using the requiremen
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