Impact of anomalous ionospheric gradients on GBAS in the low-latitude region of China
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Impact of anomalous ionospheric gradients on GBAS in the low‑latitude region of China Zhipeng Wang1 · Tinglin Li1 · Qiang Li1 · Kun Fang1 Received: 1 January 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The ionospheric gradient caused by spatial decorrelation is a crucial factor affecting the integrity of a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS). We processed GPS data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China from 2008 to 2018 with the long-term ionospheric anomaly monitoring method and then analyzed and verified a typical anomalous event. Compared with the wedge, plasma bubbles in the low-latitude region can be better described by the trapezoid. The largest detected anomalous gradient in China was 196 mm/km, and the conservative upper bound of anomalous gradients was determined to be 300 mm/km. Wedge and trapezoid were applied to establish GBAS threat models for China. Based on these threat models, we analyzed the impact of anomalous ionospheric gradients on GBAS in the low-latitude region of China. The results show that the performances of ionospheric anomaly monitors satisfy the requirements of GBAS approach service type D when the wedge is applied. However, the performances do not satisfy the requirements under the trapezoid for the following scenarios: When the speed and direction of the aircraft are similar to the threat model with a narrower slope width, the aircraft is affected by anomalies before the time that the GBAS facilities are affected; moreover, the monitor performance decreases sharply, and large differential range errors may occur. Finally, the high-risk approach conditions were analyzed in detail, and we provided recommendations for conducting aircraft approaches at low latitudes. Keywords GBAS · Ionospheric anomaly monitoring · Ionospheric threat model · Plasma bubble Abbreviations CAT II/III Category II/III CCD Code-carrier divergence CONUS The conterminous United States CMONOC The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China DCB Differential code bias DF Dual frequency DSIGMA Dual-solution pseudorange ionospheric gradient monitoring algorithm GAST-D GBAS approach service type D GBAS Ground-based augmentation system GF Ground facility GPS Global positioning system ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization * Kun Fang [email protected] 1
National Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
IGM Ground ionospheric gradient monitoring JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory LAAS The local area augmentation system LTIAM The long-term ionospheric anomaly monitoring LTP Landing threshold point MC Monte Carlo NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics SF-CBCA The single-frequency carrier-based and code-aided WC Worst case
Introduction To satisfy the accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability requirements of the precise approaches of civil a
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