Impact of Initial Feeding and Molting on Tachypleus tridentatus Gut Microbiota
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Impact of Initial Feeding and Molting on Tachypleus tridentatus Gut Microbiota Fengze Miao1,2 · Zhonghao Zhao1,2 · Qiongzhen Li3 · Jie Song4 · Youji Wang1,2 · Menghong Hu1,2 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Tri-spine horseshoe crabs (HSCs) Tachypleus tridentatus have been facing the threat of population depletion for decades, and the physiology and microbiology of their early life stages are lacking. To explore what directs the change of juvenile T. tridentatus gut microbiota and how gut microbiota change, by using 16S rRNA sequencing of gut samples we detected the intestinal microbiome of juvenile HSCs and compared the impact of initial molting and initial feeding, as well as the effect of environment. Results showed that the predominant phyla in the gut microbial community of juvenile HSCs are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The richness and diversity of intestinal microbes greatly decreased after initial molting. Microbial-mediated functions predicted by PICRUSt showed that “Signal Transduction”, “Cellular Processes and Signaling”, “Infective Diseases” and “Digestive System” pathways significantly increased in 2nd instars. As for the effect of environment, the connection between living environment and the intestinal microbiome started to manifest after initial molting. Unexpectedly, initial feeding treatment slightly affected the intestinal microbiome of T. tridentatus in the early life stage, whereas the effect of initial molting was significant. The present study provided the first insight into the gut microbiota of T. tridentatus, and the findings led a new sight to explain what guide the change of gut microbiota.
Introduction Tachypleus tridentatus, one of the four remaining horseshoe crabs (HSCs) in the world, belongs to phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Chelicerata, class Merostomata, order Xiphosura, family Limulidae, and genus Tachypleus. The population density of Tachypleus tridentatus was ever high along the coast of Mainland China, but it has declined rapidly in recent decades in southeast and east Asian coastal areas, such as South China, Japan, and Malaysia [1–4]. The blue Fengze Miao and Zhonghao Zhao have contributed equally to this work. * Menghong Hu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
2
International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
3
Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
4
Tianjin Era Biology Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
hemolymph of T. tridentatus can be extracted and made into tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL). TAL test is considered the best method for detecting bacterial endotoxin; thus, the wide utilization of TAL in medical field causes the overexploitation of T. tridentatus. The abuse of T. tridentatus biological resources, along with other factors,
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