Impacts of the LARES and LARES-2 Satellite Missions on the SLR Terrestrial Reference Frame
LARES, an Italian satellite launched in 2012, and its successor LARES-2 approved by the Italian Space Agency, aim at the precise measurement of frame dragging predicted by General Relativity and other tests of fundamental physics. Both satellites are equi
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Abstract
LARES, an Italian satellite launched in 2012, and its successor LARES-2 approved by the Italian Space Agency, aim at the precise measurement of frame dragging predicted by General Relativity and other tests of fundamental physics. Both satellites are equipped with Laser retro-reflectors for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). Both satellites are also the most dense particles ever placed in an orbit around the Earth thus being nearly undisturbed by nuisance forces as atmospheric drag or solar radiation pressure. They are, therefore, ideally suited to contribute to the terrestrial reference frame (TRF). At GFZ we have implemented a tool to realistically simulate observations of all four space-geodetic techniques and to generate a TRF from that. Here we augment the LAGEOS based SLR simulation by LARES and LARES-2 simulations. It turns out that LARES and LARES-2, alone or in combination, can not deliver TRFs that meet the quality of the LAGEOS based TRF. However, once the LARES are combined with the LAGEOS satellites the formal errors of the estimated ground station coordinates and velocities and the co-estimated Earth Rotation Parameters are considerably reduced. The improvement is beyond what is expected from error propagation due to the increased number of observations. Also importantly, the improvement concerns in particular origin and scale of the TRF of about 25% w.r.t. the LAGEOS-combined TRF. Furthermore, we find that co-estimation of weekly average range biases for all stations does not change the resulting TRFs in this simulation scenario free of systematic errors. Keywords
LAGEOS LAGEOS-2 LARES LARES-2 Terrestrial reference frame
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Introduction
The project GGOS-SIM (Schuh et al. 2015) resulted in a powerful tool that enables the simulation of the spaceR. König () German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany e-mail: [email protected] S. Glaser German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany I. Ciufolini Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy A. Paolozzi Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
geodetic techniques Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) in order to test various effects on the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF). The requirements set by the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) on accuracy and stability of the TRF are 1 mm and 0.1 mm/year (Gross et al. 2009). In a first attempt, the observations of the 2008 to 2014 (inclusive) ground networks of all the space-geodetic techniques have been simulated close to reality. Eventually the individual techniques are evaluated for the derivation of techniquespecific and combined TRFs. The simulation of VLBI observations and VLBI-only TRFs is described in Glaser et al. (2016). The combination of the VLBI and SLR techniques
International Association of Geodesy Symposia, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2019_84, © Springer Nature Switzer
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