In situ polymerization of pyrrole on CNT/cotton multifunctional composite yarn for supercapacitors
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ORIGINAL PAPER
In situ polymerization of pyrrole on CNT/cotton multifunctional composite yarn for supercapacitors Baowei Hao 1 & Zhongmin Deng 1 & Shuguang Bi 1 & Jianhua Ran 1 & Deshan Cheng 1 & Lei Luo 1 & Guangming Cai 1 & Xin Wang 2 & Xiaoning Tang 1 Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Yarn-shaped supercapacitors are favored due to their small size, high specific capacitance, and light weight. Herein, we reported a distinctive type of ply twist yarn supercapacitor by in situ polymerization of pyrrole on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/cotton ring spun yarns. CNTs and polypyrrole (PPy) were successfully embedded into the cotton yarns with a ply twist structure. The asdeveloped electrode exhibited excellent electrical conductivity (20 Ω/cm), good mechanical properties (59.8 MPa, 24.6%), a high specific capacitance of 386.5 mF/cm2 with the current density of 1 mA/cm2, and ideal cycle stability with the retention of 87.8% after 5000 cycles. Meanwhile, the assembled supercapacitor showed a power density of 278.4 μW/cm2 and an energy density of 13.21 μWh/cm2. It also presented outstanding capacitive performance under different angles. This facile ply twist method provided new possibilities for one-dimensional (1D) supercapacitor and flexible wearable electronics applications. Keywords CNT/cotton yarn . Supercapacitor . Nanocomposites . Conductivity . Electrochemical
Introduction As 1D energy storage device, yarn supercapacitor has attracted great attention due to small volume, light weight (only micron or millimeter in diameter), high power and energy density, fast charge-discharge performance, and great strain-stress properties as well as excellent tensile cyclic stability [1–4]. The reported yarn supercapacitors can be divided into three different types, namely twisted yarn [5], coaxial yarn, and integration yarn supercapacitors [6, 7]. Despite the type of supercapacitor, there were two main issues to be solved: finding suitable substrates, such as paper [8], sponge
* Lei Luo [email protected] * Guangming Cai [email protected] * Xin Wang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
2
Centre for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick 3056, Australia
[9], fiber/yarn/fabric [10–12], and polymer film [13, 14], and exploring ideal active materials with large specific surface areas, high capacitance, and small change of capacitance under tension and bending conditions together with excellent cyclic stability. At present, the commonly used active materials are carbonaceous (graphene, CNTs, and carbon fiber), polymers (polyaniline, polythiophene, PPy), and the newborn MXenes (Ti3C2Tx, MnO2, ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3) [15–18]. The low specific capacitance (4–135 F/g) of pure CNTs is due to its small specific surface area [19]. For example, Ren et
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