Incidence and detection of sugarcane yellow leaf disease in the Philippines
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Incidence and detection of sugarcane yellow leaf disease in the Philippines Jay-Vee S. Mendoza 1
&
Marita S. Pinili 2 & Fe M. Dela Cueva 1
Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 November 2020 / Published online: 18 November 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract A survey of sugarcane yellow leaf disease (SCYLD) was conducted in the Philippines. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) tissues showing the typical SCYLD symptoms were collected from eight provinces. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) identified ScYLV in samples from Batangas and Cebu, Philippines while there was no phytoplasma detected. ScYLV was able to transmit the disease using infected setts. Keywords Sugarcane yellow leaf disease . Yellow leaf virus . Philippines . Detection
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Disease (SCYLD) is known to be caused by Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) and sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma (SCYP) (Cronje et al. 1988; Schenck and Lehrer 2000). Although similar symptoms were reported to be caused by sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Thailand (Soufi et al. 2013). SCYLD is characterized by apparent yellowing of the leaf from the midrib that further leads to necrosis. Necrosis appears first on the older leaves. The lower surface of the midrib turns from green to bright yellow or pink or reddish. Dwarfism of the terminal internodes may also be observed (Lehrer and Komor 2008). ScYLV is a Polerovirus belonging to the family Luteoviridae having monopartite, non-enveloped, isometric particles of 24– 29 nm diameter. The virus consists of single-stranded positive sense linear RNA genome (5900 nucleotides), icosahedral symmetry made of 180 coat protein units, with six open reading frames (ORFs 0,1,2,3,4, and 5) (Rott et al. 2008). So far, there are 9 ScYLV genotypes known to occur in the world with great genetic diversity within species (Abu Ahmad et al. 2006a). The virus is efficiently transmitted by insect vectors, sugarcane aphids (Melanaphis sacchari) in a persistent, circulative manner (Rott
* Jay-Vee S. Mendoza [email protected] 1
Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
2
National Crop Protection Center, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
et al. 2008). Aside from M. sacchari, corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and rice root aphid (R. rufiabdominalis) are also known potential vectors of ScYLV. There is no reported mechanical transmission of ScYLV, however the virus can be transmitted by infected setts. Aside from sugarcane, ScYLV was successfully inoculated using viruliferous aphids on barley, sorghum, wheat, maize, sweet corn, and oats. A field planted with infected seeds is expected to suffer a yield loss of about 10–40% of total sugar yield (Rassaby et al. 2004). In the Philippines, there had been cases of ScYLV detected from plants exhibiting SCYLD symptoms (Abu Ahmad et al. 20
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