Inclusive Management Research: Persons with Disabilities and Self-Employment Activity as an Exemplar
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Inclusive Management Research: Persons with Disabilities and SelfEmployment Activity as an Exemplar Bruce C. Martin1 · Benson Honig2 Received: 17 June 2017 / Accepted: 27 January 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract We highlight exclusionary practices in management research, and demonstrate through example how a more inclusive management literature can address the unique contexts of persons with disabilities, a group that is disadvantaged in society, globally. Drawing from social psychology, disability, self-employment, entrepreneurship, and vocational rehabilitation literatures, we develop and test a holistic model that demonstrates how persons with disabilities might attain meaningful work and improved self-image via self-employment, thus accessing some of the economic and social-psychological benefits often unavailable to them due to organizational-employment barriers. Our longitudinal study provides evidence of the self-image value of ‘doing’ in self-employment, highlighting thepotential to reduce stigma and improve generalized self-efficacy and self-esteem. Implications for self-image theory, entrepreneurship training and development, and public policy related to persons with disabilities are discussed. Keywords Inclusivity · Persons with disabilities · Self-employment · Self-image · Self-esteem · Generalized self-efficacy
Introduction People who have a positive self-image perform better at work, are more satisfied with their jobs and are happier with their lives (Baumeister et al. 2003; Judge and Hurst 2008; Rich et al. 2010; Tierney and Farmer 2002). But what about those who have a low self-image? Are they doomed to low performance, low job satisfaction and unhappy lives? Important elements of self-image are changeable (Drake et al. 1999; Eden and Aviram 1993; Chang et al. 2012), yet self-image constructs, are now recommended criteria for choosing and nurturing employees (Judge et al. 1998; Lyons 2015). This puts persons with disabilities, who are more likely to be unemployed and have low self-image (Daniels Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04122-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bruce C. Martin [email protected] 1
Department of Human Enterprise and Innovation, School of Business and Economics, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
2
2008; Link et al. 2001; MacLean 2010; Ritsher and Phelan 2004; Turner and Turner 2004), at a further disadvantage in gaining organizational-employment. We use the term ‘disability’ in line with the World Health Organization (2011) to refer to ongoing impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Persons with disabilities face social and economic barriers, and are more likely to have lower self-image, due to stigmatization by others (Link and Phelan 2001; McLaughlin et al. 2004; Schumacher et al. 2003; Thomson 2017) and persistent
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