Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber Manufacturing Systems
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information network of physical objects (sensors, machines, cars, buildings, and other items) that allows interaction and cooperation of these objects to reach common goals [2 ]. While the IoT affects among others transp
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1 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information network of physical objects (sensors, machines, cars, buildings, and other items) that allows interaction and cooperation of these objects to reach common goals [2]. Applications include among others transportation, healthcare, smart homes and industrial environments [28]. For the latter, the term Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) or just Industrial Internet is typically used, see e.g. [12]. In this book we will use IIoT synonymously to Industry 4.0 or to the original German term “Industrie 4.0”. The differences between the terms or initiatives mainly concern stakeholders, geographical focus and representation [3]. Further, IIoT semantically describes a technology movement, while Industry 4.0 is associated with the expected economic impact. That is to say, IIoT leads to the Industry 4.0. But considering both as research and innovation initiatives, one will not find any technology that is claimed by only one of these. For the title, however, we chose IIoT, because it highlights the idea of networks, which is a cornerstone of many contributions in this book. Further, this book can be regarded as a manufacturing-oriented extension to our collected edition on cyber-physical systems S. Jeschke ⋅ T. Meisen IMA/ZLW & IfU, RWTH Aachen University, Dennewartstr. 27, 52068 Aachen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] T. Meisen e-mail: [email protected] C. Brecher ⋅ D. Özdemir (✉) ⋅ T. Eschert Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstrasse 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] C. Brecher e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 S. Jeschke et al. (eds.), Industrial Internet of Things, Springer Series in Wireless Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42559-7_1
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that contains many foundational topics of IoT [23]. Please note, that in our understanding the IIoT not only is the network of the physical objects in industry but also includes the digital representations of products, processes and factories such as 3D models or physical behavior models of machines. In the year 2015, IoT has been declared one of the most hyped technologies [11]. Its industrial applications, i.e. IIoT, were even the focus of the World Economic Forum 2016 (Slogan: Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution). But critical voices are gaining weight. A recent edition of “Handelsblatt” (Germany’s largest business newspaper) that was titled “The efficiency lie” [21] and the new book by the economist Robert Gordon argue that the expected productivity growth from digitalization is small compared to the preceding industrial revolutions are just two examples of this counter movement [14]. In the light of these critical voices it is even more important to analyze where real value can be gained from IIoT in terms of time, flexibility, reliability, cost, and quality. Therefore, we and the other editors are pleased
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