Industry, Competitiveness and Technological Capabilities in Chile A
Chile's export diversification and industrial development since 1974 represents a laboratory case of market liberalization based on neoclassical principles. Advocated by the World Bank as the chief development strategy for most developing countries, Chile
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Also by Carlo Pietrobelli TECNOLOGIA E SVILUPPO: L'inserimento internazionale di un' economia emergente
Industry, Competitiveness and Technological Capabilities in Chile A New Tiger from Latin America? Carlo Pietrobelli
Lecturer in Economics University of Tor Vergara Rome
Foreword by Sanjaya Lall
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndrnills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-26363-9 ISBN 978-1-349-26361-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26361-5 First published in the United States of America 1998 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-17742-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pietrobelli, Carlo, 1959lndustry, competitiveness, and technological capabilities in Chile : a new tiger from Latin America I Carlo Pietrobelli ; foreword by Sanjaya Lall. p. em. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-0-3 12-17742-3 I. Chile-Commercial policy. 2. Industries-Chile. 3. Comparative advantage (International trade) 4. Technological innovations-Economic aspects-Chile. 5. Exports-Chile. 6. Chile-Economicconditions-1918- I. Title. HF1515.P54 1997 338.985-dc21 97-24725 CIP ©Carlo Pietrobelli 1998 Foreword© Sanjaya Lall 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-68900-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 07 06
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 05 04 03 02 OJ 00 99 98
To Chiara ... una manana fresca se apareci6 no se anunci6 serena no hizo promesas sencillamente lleg6 y se qued6 ... Pablo Milanes
Contents List of Tables List of Figures Foreword by Sanjaya Lall
X
xii xiii
1
Introduction
2
A Dynamic Concept of Comparative Advantage: Technological Capabilities and Trade Theories
3
4
2.1. Introduction 2.2. 'Conventional' Theories of Comparative Advantage and Their Relevance for Developing Countries 2.2.1 Assumptions of the Neoclassical Approach and Differences with the TC Approach 2.3 On the Concept of Technology and Technological Change for Developing Countries 2.3.1. Technological Capabilities 2.3.2. The Acquisition of Tec
