Infinitary Combinatorics and the Axiom of Determinateness
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		    612 Eugene M. Kleinberg
 
 Infinitary Combinatorics and the Axiom of Determinateness
 
 SpringerVeriag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1977
 
 Lecture Notes in Mathematics Edited by A. Dold and B. Eckmann Subseries: Harvard/MIT Adviser: G. Sacks
 
 612 Eugene M. Kleinberg
 
 Infinitary Combinatorics and the Axiom of Determinateness
 
 SpringerVeriag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1977
 
 Author Eugene M. Kleinberg Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139/USA
 
 AMS Subject Classifications (1970): 02-02,02 K15,02 K35, 05A17
 
 04 A20,
 
 ISBN 3-540-08440-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-08440-1 Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
 
 © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1977 Printed in Germany
 
 Printing and binding: Beltz Offsetdruck, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2141/3140-543210
 
 For Evie
 
 I know a reasonable woman, Handsome and witty, yet a friend. Not warped by passion, awed by rumor, Not grave through pride, or gay through folly, An equal mixture of good humor, And sensible soft melancholy. -- Alexander Pope
 
 Acknowledgements
 
 These notes are distilled from a number of courses I taught at M.I.T. between 1970 and 1976.
 
 They first appeared
 
 in draft form as material for a graduate course given here last fall. The subject matter itself was initiated mainly through the work of Martin and Solovay in the late 1960's.
 
 lowe a
 
 strong intellectual debt to both of them. Special credit is due to Professor J. M. Henle.
 
 He is
 
 a major contributor to the development of the field, and many of his results appear throughout these notes. In preparing this manuscript, I had extensive and
 
 expert help from many of my students, most notably from Arthur Apter. Finally, lowe special thanks to Denise Borsuk for her patience, skill, and intuition in transforming my assorted notes to type.
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 22 April 1977
 
 Table of Contents
 
 In traduction . . • . • . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . .
 
 Chapter
 
 I . . . . . . . . . .. .•....... ... .... .. .. ••.•••. ... ....
 
 9
 
 Chapter
 
 I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
 
 22
 
 Chapter III . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .
 
 49
 
 Chapter
 
 IV... . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . ..
 
 55
 
 Chapter
 
 V. . • . . • . • • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . ..
 
 79
 
 Chapter
 
 VI . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .		
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