Influence of the Addition of Spruce Fibers to Industrial-Type High-Density Fiberboards Produced with Recycled Fibers
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Influence of the Addition of Spruce Fibers to Industrial-Type HighDensity Fiberboards Produced with Recycled Fibers Conrad M. Sala1,2 · Eduardo Robles3 · Grzegorz Kowaluk1 Received: 30 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The growing production of wood-based panels and the linked consumption result in a need for substituting standard wooden raw materials. The shortage of wood availability, as well as the increasing prices and a trend towards more environmentally friendly materials and processes, have encouraged the producers of wood-based products to consider extending the life cycle of wood composites. In the present work, the influence of substituting pine with spruce for industrial high-density fiberboards with 5% of recovered fibers was studied. Samples containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% spruce fibers were tested in their mechanical resistance and their interaction with water. Boards from all samples met relevant standard requirements; however, the addition of spruce caused a decrease in mechanical properties, with homogeneity having the most significant influence. The modulus of rupture dropped up to 6% and the internal bond for 47% for samples having 50% of spruce. The most significant drop (50%) was observed for surface soundness for samples made with 100% spruce. Regarding physical properties, swelling increased up to 19% with 50% spruce; on the other hand, its water absorption decreased for up to 12%. The addition of spruce to industrial high-density fiberboards also influenced the formaldehyde content negatively, with an increase of up to 21% with 50% spruce. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Wood-based panels · Properties · HDF · Recovered fibers · Recovered wood · Spruce
* Grzegorz Kowaluk [email protected]
2
IKEA Industry Poland sp. z o. o. brand Orla, Koszki 90, 17‑106 Orla, Poland
Eduardo Robles eduardo.robles@univ‑pau.fr
3
University of Pau and the Adour Region, Institute of Analytical and Physicochemical Sciences for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), 371 Rue de Ruisseau, 40004 Mont de Marsan, France
1
Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship in Wood Industry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02‑776 Warsaw, Poland
13
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Statement of Novelty The present work intends to study the properties of fiberboards as a value-added approach to spruce wood as an alternative to the current management of such wood material. The results have shown the competitiveness of spruce wood, as a suitable raw material to substitute pine wood for the production of industrial HDF.
Introduction Wood, as a natural origin raw material, wholly ecological and renewable, becomes more popular not only in structural applications or to furniture production and interior furnishing, but also as a fuel. Due to this, the prices and availability of round wood on the market rise rapidly. Instead of solid wood, nowadays, there is a significant demand for wood-based panels, such as plywood,
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