Innovation without R&D Heterogeneous Innovation Patterns of Non-

Firms without research and development (R&D) have frequently been neglected by mainstream innovation research. The small number of existing studies provides only fragmented and sometimes even contradictory findings, because they assume that non-R&

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Oliver Som

Innovation without R&D Heterogeneous Innovation Patterns of Non-R&D-Performing Firms in the German Manufacturing Industry With a foreword by Prof. Dr. Carsten Dreher

RESEARCH

Oliver Som Karlsruhe, Germany Voestalpine Linz, Österreich

Bernhard Schmidt Langenhagen, Deutschland

This publication has been accepted as a dissertation at the University of Flensburg, Internationales Institut für Management (IIM), 2011.

ISBN 978-3-8349-3491-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-8349-3492-5

ISBN 978-3-8349-3492-5 (eBook)

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

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Foreword

V

Foreword "Research and development" were regarded in the past decades as the driver of productivity growth in economies. Inevitably, therefore, investments in research and development were described as economically meaningful and a sign of normative political will. This was reflected not least in the 3% target of the European Union. With this target, an indicator g