Insight into crystal growth and upconversion luminescence property of tetragonal Ba 3 Sc 2 F 12 nanocrystals
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Insight into crystal growth and upconversion luminescence property of tetragonal Ba3Sc2F12 nanocrystals Juan Xie, Guang-Chao Zheng, Yang-Ming Hu, Farhat Nosheen, Zhi-Cheng Zhang* Er-Jun Liang*
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Received: 13 August 2020 / Revised: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020
Abstract Sc-based nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their unique optical properties different from those of Ln/Y-based nanomaterials. However, studies on Sc-based nanomaterials are far from comprehensive. Particularly, nanoscale alkaline (Ca, Sr and Ba) scandium fluorides were almost ignored for their stringent synthetic conditions. Herein, we synthesize high-quality tetragonal phase Ba3Sc2F12 nanocrystals with uniform morphology and good dispersibility by carefully tailoring the reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio of reactants, temperature and reaction time. Then, the upconversion (UC) luminescence property of Ba3Sc2F12:Yb/Er (Ho) samples is investigated in detail. The doping concentrations of sensitizer (Yb3?) and activator (Er3? and Ho3?) are optimized for the strongest UC luminescence, of which the corresponding energy transfer processes are also discussed. Moreover, tetragonal Ba3Sc2F12 nanocrystals can gradually transform into hexagonal Ba4Yb3F17 nanocrystals with the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01631-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Xie, G.-C. Zheng, Y.-M. Hu, E.-J. Liang* School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China e-mail: [email protected] F. Nosheen Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan Z.-C. Zhang* Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China e-mail: [email protected]
increase in Yb3? doping content. This work provides a novel type of Sc-based nanomaterials with strong red UC emissions which are promising in high-resolution 3-dimensional color displays, laser, bioimaging and biolabels. Keywords Ba3Sc2F12 nanocrystals; Crystal growth; Upconversion; Sc-based nanomaterials
1 Introduction Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable attentions as a result of their outstanding luminescent performance compared with traditional photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials such as florescent organic dyes and quantum dots (QDs) [1–7]. Owning to their fine photostability, low photobleaching, long lifetimes, minimal phototoxicity and deep penetration depth [8–10], UCNPs are promising in three-dimensional (3D) flat panel displays [11], white light emitting diodes [12, 13], solar cells [14], and especially in biolabels and bioimaging [15–18]. However, UCNPs remain suffering from weak luminescent in
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