Interactive Multi-Perspective Views of Virtual 3D Landscape and City Models
Based on principles of panorama maps we present an interactive visualization technique that generates multi-perspective views of complex spatial environments such as virtual 3D landscape and city models. Panorama maps seamlessly combine easily readable ma
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Haik Lorenz1, Matthias Trapp1, Jürgen Döllner1, Markus Jobst2 1
Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-HelmertStrasse 2-3, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, [haik.lorenz, matthias.trapp, doellner]@hpi.uni-potsdam.de 2 Vienna University of Technology, Erzherzog-Johannplatz 1, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, [email protected]
Abstract. Based on principles of panorama maps we present an interactive visualization technique that generates multi-perspective views of complex spatial environments such as virtual 3D landscape and city models. Panorama maps seamlessly combine easily readable maps in the foreground with 3D views in the background – both within a single image. Such nonlinear, non-standard 3D projections enable novel focus & context views of complex virtual spatial environments. The presented technique relies on global space deformation to model multiperspective views while using a standard linear projection for rendering which enables single-pass processing by graphics hardware. It automatically configures the deformation in a view-dependent way to maintain the multi-perspective view in an interactive environment. The technique supports different distortion schemata beyond classical panorama maps and can seamlessly combine different visualization styles of focus and context areas. We exemplify our approach in an interactive 3D tourist information system. Keywords: multi-perspective views, focus & context visualization, global space deformation, 3D city models, virtual 3D landscape models, geovisualization
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Introduction and Motivation
Virtual spatial environments based on 3D landscape and city models are common tools for an increasing number of commercial and scientific applications and are applied as interactive space and context for planning,
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Haik Lorenz, Matthias Trapp, Jürgen Döllner, Markus Jobst
simulation, and visualization tasks. One key requirement represents the efficient rendering of large amounts of data based on level-of-detail techniques and multiresolution models. Another key requirement is the effective presentation of the environment and its contents, e.g., by providing detail views for important areas while giving a coarse overview of their spatial context. While a single-perspective view depicts a scene from a single viewpoint, “a multi-perspective rendering combines what is seen from several viewpoints into a single image.” (Yu and McMillan 2004) Mathematically, multi-perspective views rely on non-linear 3D projections or, equivalently, non-planar reference shapes, used to map 3D world space on 2D image space. In this way occlusions become resolvable, scales at which objects are depicted are adjustable, and spatial context information can be included in a single image. With these techniques, multi-perspective views can visually emphasize or clarify an area of interest while retaining or extending its surrounding area, achieving an effective information transfer (Keahey 1998). Furthermore, they utilize the available screen real estate to a high degree. Their characteristics
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