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Autoimmune hypophysitis and toxic cardiomyopathy: 4 case reports In a case series, 4 patients including 3 men and 1 woman [2 elderly and 2 adult; exact ages not stated] were described, who developed autoimmune hypophysitis during treatment with interferon-alpha, nivolumab and/or ipilimumab. Among these, an elderly man developed toxic cardiomyopathy during treatment with sunitinib [not all routes and dosages stated]. Case 1: An elderly man, at the age of 78-years with a significant history of primary hypothyroidism secondary to autoimmune thyroid disease, was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma with bone metastasis. Therefore, he underwent a left-side nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Thereafter, he started receiving adjuvant treatment with pazopanib. After 12 courses, he had disease progression with lung metastatic disease. Therefore, he was switched to everolimus. Thereafter, he developed anaemia and peripheral oedema. Treatment with everolimus was switched to sunitinib. However, during sunitinib treatment, he developed toxic cardiomyopathy with global heart failure. Hence, sunitinib was discontinued. After cessation of sunitinib, he had spontaneous recovery of cardiac function, but pulmonary metastases progressed further. Subsequently, he started receiving bevacizumab and interferon-alpha [α-interferon]. He achieved stable disease, but experienced severe fatigue. Treatment with bevacizumab and interferon-alpha was discontinued. Over the next 6 weeks, he exhibited further progression of pulmonary metastatic disease. Therefore, he started receiving rescue therapy with nivolumab 480mg every 4 weeks. Subsequently, he achieved remission. However, after 50 cycles of nivolumab, he developed fatigue, confusion and limb paresthesia. Blood test revealed hyponatraemia and a not measurable morning cortisol level of