Introduction to Parallel and Vector Solution of Linear Systems
Although the origins of parallel computing go back to the last century, it was only in the 1970s that parallel and vector computers became available to the scientific community. The first of these machines-the 64 processor llliac IV and the vector compute
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FRONTIERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Series Editor: Arnold L. Rosenberg, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts INTRODUCfiON TO PARALLEL AND VECTOR SOLUTION OF LINEAR SYSTEMS
James M. Ortega
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Introduction to Parallel and Vector Solution of Linear Systems James M. Ortega University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ortega, James M., 1932Introduction to parallel and vector solution of linear systems 1 James M. Ortega. p. cm.- (Frontiers of computer science) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4899-2114-7 ISBN 978-1-4899-2112-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2112-3 1. Equations- Numerica! solutions- Data processing. 2. Parallel processing (Electronic computers) 3. Supercomputers. 1. Title. II. Series. QA218.078 1988 SIS'.2S2-dc 19 88-721 CIP
This limited facsimile edition has been issued for the purpose of keeping this title available to the scientific community.
First Printlng- March 1988 Second Printing-November 1989
C 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1988 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1988
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To SARA and SCOTT
Preface Although the origins of parallel computing go back to the last century, it was only in the 1970s that parallel and vector computers became available to the scientific community. The first of these machines-the 64 processor llliac IV and the vector computers built by Texas Instruments, Control Data Corporation, and then CRAY Research Corporation-had a somewhat limited impact. They were few in number and available mostly to workers in a few government laboratories. By now, however, the trickle has become a flood. There are over 200 large-scale vector computers now installed, not only in government laboratories but also in universities and in an increasing diversity of industries. Moreover, the National Science Foundation's Supercomputing Centers have made large vector computers widely available to the academic community. In addition, smaller, very cost-effective vector computers are being manufactured by a number of companies. Parallelism in computers has also progressed rapidly. The largest supercomputers now consist of several vector processors working in parallel. Although the number of processors in such machines is still relatively small (up to 8), it is expected that an increasing number of processors will be added in the near future (to a total of 16 or 32). Moreover, there are a myriad of research projects to
