Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures Field/Experimental Data
This book furnishes state-of-the-art knowledge about how earthquake faulting is coupled with fluid flow. The authors describe the theoretical background of modeling of faulting coupled with fluid flow in detail. Field and laboratory evidence to suggest th
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Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures Field/Experimental Data and Modeling
Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures
Teruo Yamashita Akito Tsutsumi •
Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures Field/Experimental Data and Modeling
123
Akito Tsutsumi Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
Teruo Yamashita Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-56560-4 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-56562-8
ISBN 978-4-431-56562-8
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017945694 © Springer Japan KK 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Japan KK The registered company address is: Chiyoda First Bldg. East, 3-8-1 Nishi-Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0065, Japan
Preface
Fluids such as water and CO2 are known to exist ubiquitously, in the upper layer of the Earth and affect its deformation and earthquake occurrence. Such fluids may have origins in the dehydration reactions and sea water trapped at plate interface immediately before the subduction of oceanic slab; meteoric water and mantle-derived fluids are also mentioned as origins of fluids affecting earthquakes. As documented in Chaps. 1 and 2, abundant geophysical and geological evidence has now been accumulated that suggest the involvement of fluids in the occurrence of earthquakes. Fluid flow through connected pores can change the spatial distribution of fluid pressure and stress state of the solid. This may trigger earthquakes through change in the Coulomb failure stress coupled with the effective normal stress. Seismic sequences such as aftershocks and earthquake swarm may also be driven by such fluid flow. Coulomb’s friction law coupled with the effective normal stress plays a key ro
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