Iran and the Challenge of Diversity Islamic Fundamentalism, Aryanist
This interrogates the racist construction of Aria and Aryanism in an Iranian context, arguing that these concepts gave the Indo-European speaking Persian ethnic group an advantage over Iran's non-Persian nationalities and communities.
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Iran and the Challenge of Diversity Islamic Fundamentalism, Aryanist Racism, and Democratic Struggles
Alireza Asgharzadeh
IRAN AND THE CHALLENGE OF DIVERSITY
© Alireza Asgharzadeh, 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-8080-9 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-53885-0
ISBN 978-0-230-60488-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230604889 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asgharzadeh, Alireza. Iran and the challenge of diversity : Islamic fundamentalism, Aryanist racism, and democratic struggles / by Alireza Asgharzadeh. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-349-53885-0 1. Iran—Ethnic relations––History––20th century. 2. Pluralism (Social sciences)––Iran. 3. Pan-Iranism. 4. Iran––Politics and government––20th century. I. Title. DS268. A75 2007 305.800955––dc22
2006033080
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: July 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Content s
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xv
Note on Transliteration 1
Introduction: Establishing the Boundaries
xvii 1
2 The Journey between Theory and Practice: Text, Context, and Language
25
3 Planting the Seeds of Racism: Diversity and the Problematic of Orientalist Historiography
47
4 The Flourishing of Racist Ideology: From Pahlavi Monarchism to the Islamic Republic
85
5
Reinforcing Racism: The Dominant Discourse and Praxis
119
6 Resisting Racism: The Counterhegemonic Discourse and Praxis
157
7 Conclusions: Politics of Assimilation and the Challenge of Diversity
197
References and Further Reading
219
Index
245
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Preface
This study is a multidisciplinary work that draws on fields of history, sociology, literature, politics, anthropology, and cultural studies to explore the origination, development, and continuation of racist ideas in Iran. It analyzes the relationships among European racist ideas, the creation of the IndoEuropean language family, and the emergence of modern racism in Iran, interrogating the construction of notions such as Aria, Aryan race, and Aryanism in an Iranian context. By situating Iran within the Orienta
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