Is the superbug fungus really so scary? A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiology and mortality of Ca
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Is the superbug fungus really so scary? A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiology and mortality of Candida auris Jingjing Chen1,2,3†, Sufei Tian1,2,3†, Xiaoxu Han1,2,3†, Yunzhuo Chu1,2,3, Qihui Wang1,2,3, Baosen Zhou4 and Hong Shang1,2,3*
Abstract Background: Candida auris is a new pathogen called “superbug fungus” which caused panic worldwide. There are no large-scale epidemiology studies by now, therefore a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the epidemic situation, drug resistance patterns and mortality of C. auris. Methods: We systematically searched studies on the clinical report of Candida auris in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases until October 6, 2019. A standardized form was used for data collection, and then statics was performed with STATA11.0. Results: It showed that more than 4733 cases of C. auris were reported in over 33 countries, with more cases in South Africa, United States of America, India, Spain, United Kingdom, South Korea, Colombia and Pakistan. C. auirs exhibited a decrease in case count after 2016. Clade I and III were the most prevalent clades with more cases reported and wider geographical distribution. Blood stream infection was observed in 32% of the cases, which varied depending on the clades. Resistance to fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin in C. auris were 91, 12, 12.1, 0.8 and 1.1%. The overall mortality of C. auris infection was 39%. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that mortality was higher in bloodstream infections (45%), and lower in Europe (20%). Conclusions: Over 4000 cases of C. auris were reported in at least 33 countries, which showed high resistance to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B and caspofungin, high sensitivity to micafungin and anidulafungin. The crude mortality for BSI of C. auris was 45% which was similar to some drug-resistant bacteria previously reported. In conclusion, C. auris displayed similar characteristics to some drug resistance organisms. This study depicts several issues of C. auris that are most concerned, and is of great significance for the clinical management. Keywords: Candida auris, Case count, Drug resistance, Mortality, Bloodstream infection, Clade
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Jingjing Chen, Sufei Tian and Xiaoxu Han contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China 2 National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit t
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