IUTAM Symposium on Cellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics Proceedi

These are the proceedings of an IUTAM Symposium on Cellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics, held in the summer of 2008 at Woods Hole, Mass, USA. This groundbreaking meeting brought together mechanicians having an interest in biological systems, with biop

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IUTAM Bookseries

Symposium on Cellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held at Woods Hole, Mass., USA, June 18–21, 2008

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IUTAM Symposium on C ellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics

IUTAM BOOKSERIES Volume 16 Series Editors G.M.L. Gladwell, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada R. Moreau, INPG, Grenoble, France Editorial Board J. Engelbrecht, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn, Estonia L.B. Freund, Brown University, Providence, USA A. Kluwick, Technische Universit¨ at, Vienna, Austria H.K. Moffatt, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK N. Olhoff, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark K. Tsutomu, IIDS, Tokyo, Japan D. van Campen, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Z. Zheng, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Aims and Scope of the Series The IUTAM Bookseries publishes the proceedings of IUTAM symposia under the auspices of the IUTAM Board.

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7695

K rishna Garikipati



Ellen M. Arruda

Editors

IUTAM Symposium on C ellular, Molecular and Tissue Mechanics Proceedings of the IUTAM s ymposium held at W oods Hole, Mass., USA, June 18–21, 2008

123

Editors Krishna Garikipati Dept. Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA [email protected]

Ellen M. Arruda Dept. Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA arruda@ umich.edu

ISSN 1875-3507 e-ISSN 1875-3493 ISBN 978-90-481-3347-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3348-2 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3348-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938830 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010  No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Mechanics plays a central role in determining form and function in biology. This holds at the cellular, molecular and tissue scales. At the cellular scale, mechanics influences cell adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics and the traction that the cell can generate on a given substrate. All of these in turn affect the cellular functions of migration, mitosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis and stem cell differentiation among others. Indeed, if cells do not develop the appropriate stresses, they are unviable and die. These aspects of cell mechanics are frequently used by mainstream biologists, as traditional mechanicians may be surprised to learn. There is a growing view that many functions of the cell are mechanical in nature even though chemical signals play crucial roles in the processes. Free energy barriers contr