Label-Free LSPR Prostate-Specific Antigen Immune-Sensor Based on GLAD-Fabricated Silver Nano-columns
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Label-Free LSPR Prostate-Specific Antigen Immune-Sensor Based on GLAD-Fabricated Silver Nano-columns Ammar Taghavi 1 & Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh 1,2
&
Sara Abbasian 3 & Ahmad Moshaii 3
Received: 30 April 2019 / Accepted: 30 September 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Label-free detection of biomarkers has been recently noticed and optical biosensors showed great potential to be the method of choice in such situation. Here, we used glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method in which silver nano-columns stabilized by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 6-mercaptohexanol to investigate the capability of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)–based silver nanochips to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Using different standard solutions of PSA, limit of detection (LOD) of the nano-sensors has been calculated to be 850 pg/ml. The selectivity of the nano-sensors has also been evaluated. We showed that these nano-sensors could detect PSA in clinically acceptable sensitivity and specificity without any complicated laboratory equipment. Keywords Prostate-specific antigen . LSPR . Immune-sensor
Introduction Prostate cancer is known as the most common malignancy in men, accounting as a major cause of cancer deaths in western countries [1]. It also accounts for the most cases of diagnosed cancer among American men, with an estimated lifetime risk of approximately 12.9%. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an FDA-approved tumor marker which has been exploited to monitor patients with prostate cancer since 1986. PSA measurement has profoundly enhanced the capability of diagnosis, treatment, and patients follow-up [1]. Thanks to the results of PSA screening, it is estimated that 16% of men would be diagnosed with PC; however, the mortality of this disease is only 3.4% [2]. PSA, which is produced in both normal and cancerous prostate tissue, is a 33-kDa serine-protease of the tissue kallikrein family. This protease is secreted into the seminal fluid, accounting as the major protein in semen, where it liquefies
* Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111 Tehran Iran
2
Research and Development center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Iran
3
Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Iran
semen from its gel form. In normal condition, PSA is confined in the prostate gland and only a minute amount enters into the blood vessel. In some medical conditions, the normal architecture of prostate disrupts so that PSA leaks to the circulation, which leads to the elevated levels of PSA in serum. The most common causes of disruption in prostate are prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis [3]. Now it is obvious that PSA levels in blood have strong relation with cancer risk in men, but there are some challenges regarding precise grading of each stage and related amount of PSA
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