Lanthanum phosphate: an efficient catalyst for acrylic acid production through lactic acid dehydration
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Lanthanum phosphate: an efficient catalyst for acrylic acid production through lactic acid dehydration Nagaraju Nekkala 1 & Putrakumar Balla 2 & Srinivasa Rao Ginjupalli 3 & Prem Kumar Seelam 4 & Hussain S.K. 1 & Bhanuchander Ponnala 1 & V.R. Chary Komandur 1 Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 3 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, biomass-based platform molecule lactic acid conversion to acrylic acid has been studied. A series of lanthanum phosphate (LaP) catalysts prepared by varying the lanthanum to phosphorus (La/P) mole ratio (i.e., 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and also prepared at different calcination temperatures (i.e., 400, 500, 600, and 800 °C) were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by using different techniques and tested in the dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to acrylic acid (AA) production. All the synthesized catalysts were characterized to analyze the physicochemical properties such as degree of crystallinity, total surface acidity, specific surface area, and morphology. The La/P mole ratio was found to be significant in designing the optimized catalytic system. The NH3-TPD results imply that all the catalysts exhibited varied amount of total acidity with phosphate loadings, which are mostly weak acid sites. The weak acid sites which are mainly Lewis acidity type played an important role in producing AA selectively and efficiently from the LA conversion. The most optimized reaction conditions were determined to obtain the highest LA conversion, selectivity, and AA yield. The catalyst with an La/P mole ratio of 0.35 and calcined at 500 °C exhibited the best performance with complete LA conversion, AA selectivity of ~ 74%, and a maximum yield of AA of ~ 74%. Furthermore, the LaP(0.35)[500] catalyst was successfully tested at three different time on streams and found to be stable. Keywords Lanthanum phosphate . Lactic acid . Acrylic acid
1 Introduction Currently, crude oil is being used extensively in producing fuels and chemicals with high performance. Today, globally around 70% of crude oil is consumed in producing fuels and 20% is being utilized in producing various chemicals and intermediate compounds [1]. The demand for chemical feedstocks is increasing tremendously with economy in
* Putrakumar Balla [email protected] 1
Catalysis Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
College of Rare Earths (CoRE), Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
3
Basic Science and Humanities Department, Swarnandhra College of Engineering and Technology, Narasapur 534280, India
4
Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, Oulu, Finland
developing countries. The most important global concerns are climate change and environmental pollution due to fossil-based products. Biomass-based refinery and chemical production can lead to a sustainable society due to its abunda
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