Laser Heterodyning
Laser heterodyning is now a widespread optical technique, based on interference of two waves with slightly different frequencies within the sensitive area of a photo-detector. Its unique feature – preserving phase information about optical wave in the ele
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f -number, 22 TEM00 mode, 20 aberration, 23–26, 28–30, 335, 336, 342, 346 angular, 334 coefficient, 25, 26 function, 24, 25 absorption resonance, 83, 84, 219 Airy function, 9, 10, 19, 29, 38, 127, 131, 224, 310–313, 324, 335, 344, 345, 347 antenna diagram, 127, 131 antenna theorem, 11, 13, 39 astigmatism, 25, 27, 28 atmospheric time constant, 222, 223, 229 axial selectivity, 316, 318, 319 Bragg cell, 322 Brownian motion, 60, 63, 64, 81 coma, 25, 29, 30 compensation method, 150–152, 154 conical scanning, 180, 186, 187 conversion coefficient, 86, 111, 112, 115, 117–119, 122, 198, 199, 213, 214 correlation radius, 126–128, 132, 232 correlator, 235, 236 deformable mirror, 332, 333, 336–338, 342 detection characteristics, 133, 136–138, 140, 141, 143
diffuse target, 134, 144, 148, 149, 314 directional curve, 293, 302 distortion, 25, 28, 29 distribution central Gamma, 139 exponential, 142, 148 noncentral Gamma, 141, 148 Rayleigh, 146–148 Rice, 148, 149 diurnal motion, 225, 230, 239 Duhamel integral, 204, 226 effective aperture, 11–15 Einstein formula, 63 electrophoresis, 77 EMTA, 295, 302 equivalent circuit (scheme), 40, 111, 117, 118, 120, 193, 197 erythrocytes, 77, 78 exchangeable gain, 194, 196, 197 exchangeable power, 194, 196, 198 Fabry–Perot cavity, 83, 84, 100, 101 Fermi golden rule, 53, 88 field curvature, 25 filling factor, 281–283, 285–287, 289, 293, 296 Firepond laser radar, 163, 172, 173, 314 Fourier coefficients, 284, 285 series, 7, 95, 99, 176, 284 transform, 3, 4, 16, 33, 35, 66, 132, 160, 166–168, 172, 173, 202, 205, 224, 311
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Index
Fresnel formulas, 270 integral, 25, 27 transform, 17, 309 zone, 40, 184, 186 generation–recombination noise, 113–116, 121 gyration vector, 268 holographic television, 307, 312 Huygens–Kirchhoff principle, 222 interference integral, 18, 24, 26–29, 125, 308 interferometer, 21, 79, 84, 100 base, 224 differential, 248, 249, 251, 254 focusing, 21 intensity, 221 Michelson, 79 stellar, 191, 221 intrinsic amplification, 3, 260, 266, 271 isotope, 82, 83 klystron, 89, 90 Kolmogorov model, 126 LAGEOS, 172, 174, 175 lithography mask, 248, 279, 280, 282, 287, 290 lock-in amplifier, 22, 94, 96, 247, 252, 255, 257, 280, 323, 328, 343 low-coherence interferometry, 79, 80 magnetic tack, 265, 271, 274, 275, 277–279 Manley–Rowe relation, 86 Maxwell distribution, 61 equations, 269, 283, 295, 297 merit function, 188, 291, 292, 295, 302 mismatch angle, 9, 10, 20 modulator acousto-optical, 67, 68, 70, 79, 255, 315, 317, 329 electro-optical, 90, 96, 97, 100, 315 MOM-diode, 81, 86–90, 92–94 multiglint targets, 144, 145, 147, 346
null balancing, 212, 213 null-visibility baseline, 224 numerical aperture, 318, 331, 332 Nyquist formula, 42, 193 optical isolator, 320, 329 optical switch, 209 phase shifter, 343, 344, 346, 349, 350 phase unwrapping, 251, 262 photodiode, 41, 43, 51, 81, 85, 213–215, 239 photomultiplier, 41, 77, 328, 330 photoresistor, 214, 215 Planck law, 47, 196 point-spread function, 160, 162–165, 169, 170, 311, 312, 314, 318, 325, 332 power loss factor, 127, 129–131 pseudo-image (Doppler image),
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