Levodopa/pramipexole/trihexyphenidyl

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Various toxicities: 2 case reports In a cohort involving four patients, two girls [exact ages at the time of reactions onset not stated] were described, of which one girl experienced deterioration of her dystonia symptoms during treatment with levodopa while the other girl developed reduction of short-term memory and concentration on high dose trihexyphenidyl followed by sedation and constipation during subsequent treatment with pramipexole with high dose trihexyphenidyl for dystonia [routes and durations of treatments to reactions onsets not stated; not all dosages and outcomes stated]* . Patient 1: The girl, who had dystonia and KMT2B mutation with c.7463A > G, p.Y2488C variant, started receiving treatment with levodopa. Subsequently, the levodopa treatment led to the deterioration of her dystonia symptoms. Therefore, her treatment with Levodopa was discontinued. Thereafter, she was repeatedly injected botulinum toxin into the lower limbs, but only with limited effect. Thereafter, she received treatment with unspecified benzodiazepines, which alleviated her symptoms to some extent. Thereafter, she underwent deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus at the age of 7 years, which led to an improvement of independent ambulation by significant reduction of dystonia. At the age of 10 and 12 years, her dystonia again worsened, which simply was controlled by replacing both electrodes and changing the implantable pulse generator. At the time of this report, she was receiving treatment with baclofen, trihexyphenidyl, lorazepam and botulinum toxin. Patient 4: The girl, who had dystonia and KMT2B mutation with c.4966_4968TCCdel, p.S1656del variant, started receiving treatment with trihexyphenidyl, which allowed her free walking and even running. Later, she received high doses of trihexyphenidyl (1.1 mg/kg/day to 1.9 mg/kg/day). However, she developed reduction of short-term memory and concentration on higher doses. Therefore, pramipexole was added to her high dose trihexyphenidyl, but without any positive effects. Subsequently, she developed intolerable sedation and constipation. Therefore, her treatment with pramipexole was considered inefficient. Later, she underwent deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus at the age of 10.7 years, which led to an improvement of her dystonic symptoms. One year after deep brain stimulation, dystonia of the limbs and dystonic posturing of the trunk almost completely ceased, and her bimanual hand function improved significantly. Therefore, her treatment with trihexyphenidyl was reduced and was planned to be discontinued soon. Author comment: "Reduction of short-term memory and concentration (due to anticholinergics)." "Patient 4 received pramipexole (dopamineagonist) on top of a high dosage of trihexyphenidyl, which resulted in intolerable sedation and constipation." "Treatment trials with levodopa led to the deterioration of symptoms in patient 1". * Patient 2 and patient 3 described in the article did not experience any adverse event, hence excluded from th

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