Liaison members of ISO/TC211
The ISO/TC211 (Geographic information / Geomatics) was founded in 1994 to standardise geographic information. However, various aspects of geographic information had been published as ISO, IEC, or ITU standards before the ISO/TC211 was founded and other re
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K. Fadaie ISO Standards for Geographie Information
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Wolfgang Kresse Kian Fadaie
ISO Standards for
Geographie Information
with 137 Figures and 13 Tables
Springer
DR. W OLFGANG KRESSE
FH Neubrandenburg FB Bauingenieurund Vermessungswesen Brodaer Str. 2 17033 Neubrandenburg Germany DR. KIAN FADAIE
Natural Resources Canada 588 Booth Street K1A OY7 Ottawa Canada
ISBN 978-3-642-05763-2 ISBN 978-3-662-08039-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08039-9 Bibliographic information published b] Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this pubhcation in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at . This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved. whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. specifically ilie rights ot translation. reprinting. reuse of illustrations. recitation. broadcasting. reproduction on microfilm or in any other way. and storage in data banks. Duplication of thispubhcation or parts thereof is permitted on1y under the provisions of the German Copyright Law orSeptember 9. 1965. in its current version. and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin HeidelbeJ:g GmbH . Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 SoftcOVel: reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004
The use of general descriptive names. registered names. trademarks. etc. in this publication does not imply. even in the absence of a specific statement. that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations ana therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy': of any information about the application of operative techniques and meaications contained in this book. In every individual case tlie user must dieck such information by consulting the relevant literature. Camera ready by authors Cover design: E. Kirchner. Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 30/3141[as 5432 1 O
To our children Randi and Gregor in Neubrandenburg Payam in Ottawa
Acknowledgements We as the authors say thank you to our colleagues and friends who have contributed their expertise, knowledge, and skills to this book and who have helped us to get it completed. We also thank our spouses, Almut and Bahram Khoee for being patient with uso Astrid Balada, DIN, Berlin, Germany Morten Borrebrek, Norwegian Mapping Authority, Oslo, Norway Sybille Brozio, FH Neubrandenburg, Germany Steve Carson, GSC Associates, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA Antony Cooper, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa Wyn Cudlip, Qinetiq, United Kingdom David Danko, ESRI, Vienna, Virginia, USA Ulrich Düren, Landesvermessungsamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bonn, Germany Jürgen Ebbinghaus, AED-SICAD, München, Germany Ernst Heil, FH Neubrandenburg, Germany John Herring, Oracle, Reston, Virginia, USA Yves Hudon, Gouvernement du Quebec, Canada Hir