Light Metals 2019

The Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the fie

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The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series

Corleen Chesonis Editor

Light Metals 2019

123

Editor Corleen Chesonis Metal Quality Solutions, LLC Avonmore, PA, USA

ISSN 2367-1181 ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ISBN 978-3-030-05863-0 ISBN 978-3-030-05864-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964235 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

It is my honor to present the Light Metals 2019 proceedings and to welcome you to the TMS 2019 Annual Meeting and Exhibition in San Antonio. I hope that being the second woman to edit this respected publication is an indication of increasing and ongoing inclusion and diversity in the light metals community. TMS has always been welcoming to me, both as a woman and as a chemical engineer rather than a metallurgist. The aluminum industry has continued to change in the past year with the announcement of Elysis, a joint venture to scale up and commercialize a revolutionary smelting technology that emits oxygen and eliminates greenhouse gases. If successful, this technology could help solve one of the major challenges of our industry and our world. In the meantime, a number of manufacturers have introduced certified low-carbon products and products made with 100% recycled metal. No matter what smelting technology is used in the future, recycling, reduced energy consumption, and lower environmental impact will continue to be important to our industry. These proceedings reflect an incredible effort by all the authors and their organizations in conducting their research and preparing the manuscripts that are published