Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. Campanulaceae
Lobelia pyramidalis Wall.: Dortmannia pyramidalis (Wall.) Kuntze; Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Schult.; Lobelia pyramidalis var. wallichiana (C. Presl) Steud.; Lobelia seguinii var. arakana E. Wimm.; Lobelia wallichiana (C. Presl) Hook. f. & Thomson
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Synonyms Lobelia pyramidalis Wall.: Dortmannia pyramidalis (Wall.) Kuntze; Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Schult.; Lobelia pyramidalis var. wallichiana (C. Presl) Steud.; Lobelia seguinii var. arakana E. Wimm.; Lobelia wallichiana (C. Presl) Hook. f. & Thomson; Rapuntium pyramidale (Wall.) C. Presl; Rapuntium wallichianum C. Presl.
Local Names Lobelia pyramidalis: Sanskrit: Aklebir; Nepali: Yeklebir, Eklebir एक्लेबिर. B. Baral Research, Community Development and Conservation Center (C3DR), Pokhara, Nepal R. M. Kunwar Cultural Geography, Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal e-mail: [email protected] R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: [email protected] N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 R. Kunwar et al. (eds.), Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_143-1
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Botany and Ecology Lobelia pyramidalis: Herbs, shrubby, 0.4–3 m tall. Stems glabrous. Leaves alternate, subleathery, sessile or shortly petiolate; basal leaves spatulate; lower ones oblong, up to 25 cm; middle and upper ones narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, 12–31 1–4 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base attenuate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal, paniculate; flowers dense, oriented toward one side. Pedicels 0.6–2.4 cm, arched, bibracteolate or sometimes ebracteolate; bracts linear, often shorter than flowers, entire. Hypanthium campanulate or broadly ellipsoid (rarely obconic), length slightly greater than width, 2–4 2–4 mm, glabrous; calyx lobes subulate or linear-triangular, 8–16 1–1.8 mm, margin entire. Corolla white, rose, or bluish, 1.1–2.1 cm, outside glabrous, inside tube densely villous, nearly 2-lipped; lobes of upper lip linear, ca. 2/3 as long as total length of corolla; those of lower lip elliptic or lanceolate, ca. 1/3 as long as total length of corolla. Stamens connate into tube above base; filament tube glabrous; anther tube about 5 mm, densely villous along sutures, lower 2 anthers barbate at top. Capsule subglobose, oblate, or broadly ovoid, 3.5–6.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, often pendulous. Seeds elliptic, obviously compressed, margin pale in color. Flowering January–May (Deyuan and Lammers 2011; Joshi et al. 2011; Press et al. 2000; Wu et al. 1994– 2013). Found on grassy slopes, scrub, and the roadsides, generally at an altitude of 1500–3000 m. These plants are found in Nepal, China, Bhutan, North India, Myanmar, and Thailand (Fig. 1).
Phytochemistry Major phytochemical constituents of this plant are lobeline and radicamine. Other phytochemical constituents o
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