Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study base
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys Jiayue Xu 1 & Yuqin Zhang 2 & Minghong Yao 3 & Gonghua Wu 2 & Zhanqi Duan 4 & Xing Zhao 1 & Juying Zhang 1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hypertension, a major risk factor of many severe chronic diseases and leading cause of global disease burden, is reported to be associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5. China’s high PM2.5 pollution level has become a major public health issue. However, existing studies from China have got inconsistent results with very limited investigation into the multi-ethnic peoples. This study adds multi-ethnic evidence from Sichuan Province, southwestern China, and assesses ethnic differences of PM2.5 exposure effect on hypertension. We pooled large cross-sectional data from two surveys conducted in 2013 and 2018 to examine the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 30 years old and above. Community-specified annual PM2.5 concentration was estimated using satellite data. Thirty-one thousand four hundred sixty-two participants with average exposure concentration of 32.8 μg/m3 were included. The proportions of the Han, the Tibetan, the Yi, and other ethnic people were 89.2%, 7.3%, 3.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12) for a 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentration increment. The adjusted ORs for the Han, the Tibetan, and the Yi were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12), 0.03 (95% CI, 0.00–0.27), and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.28–2.38) for a 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentration increment, respectively. Stratification analysis found stronger associations in participants with chronic diseases and Yi minority population. The results showed that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of hypertension prevalence in Chinese multi-ethnic adults. The associations were different among ethnicities. Keywords Fine particulate matter . Long-term exposure . Hypertension . Ethnicity . Comorbidity
Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10893-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xing Zhao [email protected] * Juying Zhang [email protected]
Zhanqi Duan [email protected] 1
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
2
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
3
Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
4
Big Data Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
Jiayue Xu [email protected] Yuqin Zhang [email protected] Minghong Yao [email protected] Gonghua Wu [email protected]
Environ Sci
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