Longitudinal Association Between Risk Profiles, School Dropout Risk, and Substance Abuse in Adolescence
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Longitudinal Association Between Risk Profiles, School Dropout Risk, and Substance Abuse in Adolescence Mélissa Goulet1,3,4 · Marie‑Eve Clément2,3,4,5 · Sonia Helie2,3 · Aude Villatte2,4
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Youth psychosocial and school adjustment results from complex developmental transactions between their individual characteristics and diverse environmental influences, which appear as risk or protective factors throughout one’s development. Objective From an ecosystemic and developmental perspective, this study aims to: (1) identify risk profiles among 13-year-old adolescents, and (2) associate these specific profiles with school dropout risk and substance abuse at age 15 years. Method Data comes from a large Canadian study, the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Development through which adolescents (n = 1312) answered questionnaires at 13 and 15 years old. Results First, through latent profile analyses, five profiles were identified based on individual, family, social, and school-based risk factors. Some profiles present higher levels of risk factors, while others comprise risk factors that are under the sample average level. Higherrisk profiles show stronger longitudinal associations with later adjustment difficulties. Conclusions The findings help provide a deeper understanding of how the co-occurrence of various risk factors in adolescence is associated with later adjustment. The combination of the developmental psychopathology and ecosystemic frameworks, as well as the personcentered approach allowed by the latent profile analyses, helps shed new light on individual and developmental risk. Keywords School dropout risk · Substance abuse · Risk profiles · Ecosystemic influences
* Marie‑Eve Clément marie‑[email protected] 1
Département d’Éducation et Formation Spécialisées, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
2
Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5 Saint‑Joseph, Saint‑Jérôme, QC J7Z 0B7, Canada
3
Research Institute on Youth in Diffculty, 1001, Maisonneuve Est., Montreal, QC H2L 4R5, Canada
4
Research Laboratory in Child Maltreatment Epidemiology, 5 Saint‑Joseph, Saint‑Jérôme, QC J7Z 0B7, Canada
5
Canada Research Chair in Violence Against Children, 5 Saint‑Joseph, Saint‑Jérôme, QC J7Z 0B7, Canada
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Child & Youth Care Forum
Introduction Adolescence is a key developmental period during which insertion in society is prepared (Larson et al. 2002; Steinberg 2005, 2014, 2017). Indeed, the first stepping-stones of adult life are laid in this period, as the adolescent faces choices and situations that can influence the course of events in the years to come. Due to the intensity of the physical, sexual, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur during this period, the risks of experiencing psychosocial problems increase and the likelihood of these problems occurring are interrelated (Steinberg 2005, 2017). About 4–5% of adolescents will exp
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