Low-Complexity Near-Optimal Iterative Signal Detection Based on MSD-CG Method for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems
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Low‑Complexity Near‑Optimal Iterative Signal Detection Based on MSD‑CG Method for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems Zaid Albataineh1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system is increasingly becoming a vital factor in fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. It is attracting considerable interest due to improve range, spectral efficiency, and coverage as compared to the conventional MIMO systems. In massive MIMO systems, the maximum likelihood detector achieve the optimum performance but it has exponential complexity for realistic antenna configurations systems, Moreover, Linear detectors commonly suffer from a matrix inversion which is not hardware-friendly. There is an increase in the computational complexity associated with the unique benefits of the massive MIMO systems. The system might be classified as an ill-conditioned problem and hence, the signal cannot be detected. To reduce the data detection complexity, we investigate a linear detector based on the multiple search direction conjugate gradient (MSD-CG) in the massive MIMO uplink systems. Several theoretical iterative techniques that can be used to balance complexity and performance for massive MIMO detection have been proposed in the literature. These methods whose convergence rate for common applications is slow where there is a decrease in the base station to user antenna ratio. In this paper, the performance of the CG method has been advanced by a projection method that necessitates a search direction in each sub-domain instead of making all search directions conjugate to each other. In this regard, our results show that the proposed algorithm with realistic antenna configurations is superior to the existing methods in terms of computational complexity for large-scale MIMO systems. Keywords Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) · Massive MIMO · Ill-conditioned problem · Multiple search direction conjugate gradient (MSD-CG) · Conjugate gradient (CG)
1 Introduction The massive MIMO system has not only been proven to be energy efficient and spectrum but also, it is robust and secure. Therefore, due to these positive attributes, the massive MIMO system has been forecast to enable the high date rate systems [1]. To achieve the * Zaid Albataineh [email protected] 1
Department of Electronic Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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goals of the fifth-generation wireless communication, the large-scale MIMO system is preferred since it serves multiple users simultaneously due to the hundreds of antennas at the BS. The large-scale MIMO system has increased dimensions which help to lower the complexity detection signal algorithm in the uplink which in turn enables the system to achieve orders of magnitude increases in energy efficiency and spectrum [1, 2]. Researchers are planning to employ the massive MIMO system within the latest industrial standards which is more superior as compared to the conventional MI
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