Low-temperature hydrogen detection sensor based on CeO 2 -DOPED SnO 2

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Low‑temperature hydrogen detection sensor based on ­CeO2 ‑DOPED ­SnO2 Hongru Mou1 · Yue Sun1 · Zhigang Zeng1 · Hongbin Zhao1 · Baoli An1 · Jiaqiang Xu1 · Xiaohong Wang1  Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Cost-effective ­H2 detection sensors based on pure and C ­ eO2 (0.5 at%, 1 at%, 1.5 at%, 2 at%, 3 at%, 4 at%)-doped S ­ nO2 semiconductor oxides with both high moisture resistance and low operation temperature were prepared by a simple method. The crystal phase, morphology, and chemical composition of the obtained C ­ eO2-doped ­SnO2 sample were analyzed and related ­ nO2 gas sensor can be improved a lot with the sensing properties. The results show that the H ­ 2 sensing performance of pure S by ­CeO2 doping. In particular, gas sensors based on 2 at% C ­ eO2/SnO2 exhibited the greatest performance: high responsiveness at 160 °C (23.7 for 50 ppm hydrogen), about 3 times higher than pure S ­ nO2 sensor (6.9); short response and recovery time (2 and 9 s); good repeatability and long-term stability without any change after 30 days (23.7 for 50 ppm hydrogen), good selectivity, and moisture resistance. Finally, the function of ­CeO2 on ­SnO2 gas sensor for ­H2 detection is discussed.

1 Introduction Nowadays, with the gradual depletion of fossil energy, it is particularly important for the development and application of new energy. Hydrogen (­ H2) is considered as one of the most promising and green energy source to solve future energy requirements due to its abundance, renewable, easy synthesis, and non-polluting nature [1–3]. Up to now, hydrogen has extensive applications in various important fields such as, fuel cells for civil transportation, power generators, automobiles, and rockets for space vehicles [4, 5]. However, hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, and it is flammable and explosive, so it will inevitably cause some safety problems in the application. ­H2 may undergo rapid deflagration when mixed with air even in a low concentration (about 4.0%) [6]. In recent years, scientists have explored many ways to quantitatively detect hydrogen, and many different types of hydrogen sensors have been developed. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, a kind of solid-state resistive-type gas sensors, have been widely applied in numerous * Jiaqiang Xu [email protected] * Xiaohong Wang [email protected] 1



NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

fields including toxic and explosive gas alarms, air quality monitoring, in-door chemical pollutant monitoring, medical diagnostics via breath analysis and so on [7]. Compared with other sensors, MOS has many advantages: small size, high sensitivity, high operability, simple fabrication, long-term stability, and repeatability. Gas sensors based on nanoscale ­SnO2 [8–10], ZnO [11–13], ­TiO2 [14–16], and ­WO3 [17–19] have been fabricated and studied extensively. Among them, ­SnO2 is an excellent gas-sensit