Magnetic Behavior of Pr 55 Cu 13.3 Ni 6.7 Al 25 Metallic Glasses
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INTRODUCTION
HYSTERESIS is a very general phenomenon, and has been studied in many contexts especially in electronics-magnet systems.[1] In a magnet driven by an oscillating magnetic field, h(t), the magnetization, m(t), lagging behind the field leads to a nonvanishing hysteresis loop area,[1,2] Z A ¼ mðtÞd hðtÞ: Compared to their counterpart crystalline materials, metallic glasses (MGs) often exhibit unique properties. For example, Zr-based MGs present excellent mechanical properties[3] and Fe-based BMGs exhibit excellent magnetic properties.[4,5] In 1982, Croat[6] reported that the high coercivity was observed in a rare-earth (RE)–Fe (RE = Nd, Pr) melt-spun ribbon. In the following past decades, rare-earth–transition metal (RE–TM) metallic glasses with promising magnetic properties have attracted increasing interest because of their great merits in materials and their considerable technological promise.[7–12] Recently, intensive efforts have been made to investigate the magnetic RETM MGs.[4,8] The development of a series of different RE–TM-based MGs, which have a distinct glass transition and a fully glassy structure, has become an important research topic in recent years.[8–10] Soft-magnetic properties are promising for many applications, such as magnetic conductors
Y.P. GAO, Chief Engineer, P.F. YU and S.D. FENG, Students, and R.P. LIU, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China. S.B. GAO, Student, is with the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. G. LI, Professor, is with the State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, and also with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. Contact e-mail: [email protected] P.K. LIAW, Professor, is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee. Manuscript submitted April 22, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
and magnetic elements. Therefore, soft-magnetic MGs with large glass-forming abilities have been developed.[12–14] Soft-magnetic alloys describe a class of ferromagnetic metal alloys with the high susceptibility, low coercively, and high electrical resistance. It is commonly regarded that both the hard-magnetic properties and the absence of glass transition were related to the existence of partially crystalline nature[10,15,16] Zhang et al.[17] research show that the alloy Pr68(Cu0.5Ni0.5)25Al7 exhibits better glass-forming ability to reveal the role rule of eutectic point. In the present work, we studied the magnetic behavior of the Pr55Cu13.3Ni6.7Al25 MGs prepared in the shape of a rod up to 3 mm in diameter by suction casting. The new nonmagnetic RE-based MG provides us an ideal material for studying the magnetic properties at both room and low temperatures for MGs. The RE-TM-based MG annealed 3 hours under the glass-transition temperature exhibited soft-magnetic properties. At the high tempera
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