Maternal Drug Use and Infant Congenital Malformations
This book is the combination of the literature on maternal drug use and birth defects with a set of new data on most types of drugs. In this book, for each group of drugs the relevant scientific literature on drug teratogenicity is presented, w
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Maternal Drug Use and Infant Congenital Malformations
Bengt Källén
Maternal Drug Use and Infant Congenital Malformations
Bengt Källén Tornblad Institute for Comparative Embryology Lund University Lund Sweden
ISBN 978-3-030-17897-0 ISBN 978-3-030-17898-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17898-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
A very large literature exists on possible risks associated with the use of drugs during pregnancy. Much of this literature concerns the risk of congenital malformations in the offspring, initiated by the thalidomide disaster around 1960, when thousands of children were born heavily damaged because their mothers had used thalidomide in early pregnancy. Other ill effects on pregnancy and the offspring have also been discussed, but still the main fear, notably among pregnant women, concerns structural malformations. Behind this large literature lie efforts to identify associations between maternal use of specific drugs and damage to the offspring and to identify if such associations are due to causality or are the results of other factors, the so-called confounders, where the most important one is the disease for which the drug was taken. Workers in this field have used different methodologies, all of them associated with various risks for misinterpretation. I have worked in this field since the 1960s, for more than 50 years, and have the hard way learnt about various possibilities to draw wrong conclusions. During these years, a rather unique possibility for studies was developed in Sweden. It began with one of the first national congenital malformation registers in the world, which wa
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