Mechanical Characteristics of a Roll-Bonded Cu-Clad Steel Sheet Processed Through Incremental Forming
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TRODUCTION
THE tensile properties of a material are extensively used as the basic input(s) in the design and manufacturing of components. For instance, the yield strength is employed as a criterion parameter for designing structural components (e.g., gas containers). This also determines the onset of yielding to produce parts through plastic deformation. The tensile strength defines the onset of instability if there is necking or the occurrence of fracture, and it is also used as a base property to determine the forming force in metal forming processes such as deep drawing and bending. The percent elongation (or ductility) and hardening exponent are alternatively used to indicate the formability in several forming processes, e.g., stamping, hydroforming, and incremental forming.[1–3]
HONGYU WEI is with the College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P.R. China. G. HUSSAIN is with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi, 23640, Pakistan. Contact email: [email protected] Manuscript submitted November 5, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
A wide range of shaping processes make use of deformation to manufacture components. This type of processing substantially affects the mechanical properties and microstructure of the components produced. Serajzadeh and Mohammadzadeh[4] studied the effect of rolling reduction, rolling speed, and temperature on the yield strength of low-carbon steel. They observed an increase in yield strength with increasing rolling reduction and speed, attributing this to grain refinement and increased dislocation density. The yield strength, on the contrary, decreased with increasing forming temperature due to a reduction in dislocation density. Zhao et al.[5] investigated the role of extrusion-wheel velocity on various mechanical properties and found that the tensile strength and hardness of AA6061 both increased with increasing wheel velocity; however, excessive velocity caused a slight reduction in these properties. They attributed these findings to the combined effect of reduction in grain size and process-induced heating. Balogun et al.[6] analyzed the influence of deformation on the mechanical properties of AA6063 alloy during cold rolling and forging processes. According to the results, the tensile strength and hardness increased while the ductility decreased as the percent reduction increased. Mo et al.[7] analyzed the effect of loading orientation (i.e., 0 to 90 deg) on the tensile strength of columnar-grained HA117-2 aluminum bronze. They
observed that the material achieved greater strength with orientations of 45 and 60 deg. Sepahi-Boroujeni and Sepahi-Boroujeni[8] observed mechanical improvements in the H-Tube pressing (HTP) of AZ-80 magnesium alloy. Applying half-cycle HTP, they recorded a 90 pct gain in yield strength and a 100 pct gain in tensile strength due to grain refinement. Figueiredo and Langdon[10] observed similar results when the AZ31 m
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